Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Adv Immunol. 2012;113:157-74. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394590-7.00001-4.
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes shows an early stage of lymphocyte apoptosis. This is an obligatory stage the extent of which depends on infective dose. Lymphocyte apoptosis occurs early and is rapidly superseded, yet it has a strong biological consequence. The immunological effect of lymphocyte apoptosis following infection is increased susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection due, in part, to upregulation of IL-10 on macrophages and DC. Lymphocyte apoptosis is dependent on bacterial expression of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). Also, purified LLO can lead to the induction of death pathways similar to infection, demonstrating that it is a killer agent generated by L. monocytogenes. Signaling through the type I interferon receptor potentiates cell death induced by the bacteria or LLO. Infection with L. monocytogenes also causes death of phagocytic cells, the nature and significance of which is not clear at present. Infection with L. monocytogenes is a tractable model to examine pathogen-induced cell death pathways and their possible immunological consequences in multiple cell types following infection.
李斯特菌感染显示淋巴细胞凋亡的早期阶段。这是一个强制性的阶段，其程度取决于感染剂量。淋巴细胞凋亡发生得很早，并迅速被取代，但它具有很强的生物学后果。感染后淋巴细胞凋亡的免疫学效应是由于巨噬细胞和 DC 上 IL-10 的上调，导致对李斯特菌感染的易感性增加。淋巴细胞凋亡依赖于细菌表达穿孔毒素李斯特菌溶血素 O（LLO）。此外，纯化的 LLO 可以导致类似于感染的死亡途径的诱导，表明它是李斯特菌产生的杀伤剂。通过 I 型干扰素受体的信号转导增强了细菌或 LLO 诱导的细胞死亡。李斯特菌感染也导致吞噬细胞死亡，目前尚不清楚其性质和意义。李斯特菌感染是一个可处理的模型，可用于研究感染后多种细胞类型中病原体诱导的细胞死亡途径及其可能的免疫学后果。
