School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Jul;38(4):905-22. doi: 10.1037/a0026781. Epub 2012 Jan 16.
We show that retrieval from semantic memory is vulnerable even to the mere presence of speech. Irrelevant speech impairs semantic fluency--namely, lexical retrieval cued by a semantic category name--but only if it is meaningful (forward speech compared to reversed speech or words compared to nonwords). Moreover, speech related semantically to the retrieval category is more disruptive than unrelated speech. That phonemic fluency--in which participants are cued with the first letter of words they are to report--was not disrupted by the mere presence of meaningful speech, only by speech in a related phonemic category, suggests that distraction is not mediated by executive processing load. The pattern of sensitivity to different properties of sound as a function of the type of retrieval cue is in line with an interference-by-process approach to auditory distraction.
我们表明，即使仅仅存在言语，语义记忆的检索也很容易受到影响。无关言语会损害语义流畅性，即语义类别名称提示的词汇检索，但前提是言语具有意义（与倒序言语或单词与非单词相比）。此外，如果检索类别与言语相关，则会比不相关的言语更具干扰性。语音流畅性——参与者在报告单词时会被提示单词的首字母——仅在存在相关音位类别的言语时受到干扰，而不是在存在有意义的言语时受到干扰，这表明干扰不是由执行处理负载引起的。根据检索线索的不同，对声音的不同属性的敏感性模式与听觉干扰的过程干扰方法一致。
