Northwest Newborn Specialists 501 N, Portland, OR 97227 USA.
Nutrients. 2010 Mar;2(3):230-40. doi: 10.3390/nu2030240. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
Substantial losses of nutrients may occur during tube (gavage) feeding of fortified human milk. Our objective was to compare the losses of key macronutrients and minerals based on method of fortification and gavage feeding method. We used clinically available gavage feeding systems and measured pre- and post-feeding (end-point) nutrient content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Phos), protein, and fat. Comparisons were made between continuous, gravity bolus, and 30-minute infusion pump feeding systems, as well as human milk fortified with donor human milk-based and bovine milk-based human milk fortifier using an in vitro model. Feeding method was significantly associated with fat and Ca losses, with increased losses in continuous feeds. Fat losses in continuous feeds were substantial, with 40 ± 3 % of initial fat lost during the feeding process. After correction for feeding method, human milk fortified with donor milk-based fortifier was associated with significantly less loss of Ca (8 ± 4% vs. 28 ± 4%, p< 0.001), Phos (3 ± 4% vs. 24 ± 4%, p < 0.001), and fat (17 ± 2% vs. 25 ± 2%, p = 0.001) than human milk fortified with a bovine milk-based fortifier (Mean ± SEM).
在强化人乳的管饲（经口喂养）中，可能会大量损失营养物质。我们的目的是比较基于强化方法和经口喂养方法的关键宏量营养素和矿物质的损失。我们使用临床可用的经口喂养系统，并测量钙（Ca）、磷（Phos）、蛋白质和脂肪的喂养前和喂养后（终点）的营养素含量。比较了连续、重力推注和 30 分钟输注泵喂养系统，以及使用体外模型用人乳来源的捐赠者人乳和牛乳制品的人乳强化剂进行强化的人乳。喂养方法与脂肪和 Ca 的损失显著相关，连续喂养的损失增加。连续喂养的脂肪损失很大，在喂养过程中损失了 40 ± 3%的初始脂肪。在对喂养方法进行校正后，用人乳来源的强化剂强化的人乳与牛乳制品的强化剂相比，Ca（8 ± 4%比 28 ± 4%，p<0.001）、Phos（3 ± 4%比 24 ± 4%，p < 0.001）和脂肪（17 ± 2%比 25 ± 2%，p = 0.001）的损失明显减少。（Mean ± SEM）。
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