Masly John P
Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Int J Evol Biol. 2012;2012:247352. doi: 10.1155/2012/247352. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
The divergent genital morphology observed among closely related animal species has long been posited as a mechanism of reproductive isolation. Despite the intuitive appeal that rapidly evolving genitalia might cause speciation, evidence for its importance-or even its potential-in reproductive isolation is mixed. Most tests of genital structural isolation between species often fail to find convincing evidence that differences in morphology prevent copulation or insemination between species. However, recent work suggests that differences in genital morphology might contribute to reproductive isolation in less obvious ways through interactions with sensory mechanisms that result in lowered reproductive fitness in heterospecific matings. In this paper, I present a brief history of the "lock-and-key" hypothesis, summarize the evidence for the involvement of genital morphology in different mechanisms of reproductive isolation, discuss progress in identifying the molecular and genetic bases of species differences in genital morphology, and discuss prospects for future work on the role of genitalia in speciation.L'armure copulatrice est un organe ou mieux un instrument ingénieusement compliqué, destiné à s'adapter aux parties sexuelles externes de la femelle pour l'accomplissement de l'acte copulatif; elle est la garantie de la conservation des types, la sauvegarde de la légitimité de l'espèce. [The copulation armor is an organ or better an instrument ingeniously complicated, destined to adapt to sexual parts external to the female for the completion of copulation; it is the guarantee of the preservation of the standards, the safeguard of the legitimacy of the species.]L. Dufour, 1844.
长期以来，人们一直认为在亲缘关系密切的动物物种中观察到的生殖器形态差异是一种生殖隔离机制。尽管快速进化的生殖器可能导致物种形成这一观点颇具吸引力，但关于其在生殖隔离中的重要性——甚至其可能性——的证据却参差不齐。大多数关于物种间生殖器结构隔离的测试往往未能找到令人信服的证据，证明形态差异会阻止物种间的交配或授精。然而，最近的研究表明，生殖器形态差异可能通过与感觉机制的相互作用，以不太明显的方式导致生殖隔离，从而降低异种交配的生殖适应性。在本文中，我简要介绍了“锁钥”假说的历史，总结了生殖器形态参与不同生殖隔离机制的证据，讨论了在确定生殖器形态物种差异的分子和遗传基础方面取得的进展，并探讨了未来关于生殖器在物种形成中作用的研究前景。交配护甲是一个器官，或者更确切地说是一个巧妙复杂的工具，旨在适应雌性的外部性器官以完成交配行为；它是物种类型得以保存、物种合法性得以维护的保障。[交配护甲是一个器官，或者更确切地说是一个巧妙复杂的工具，旨在适应雌性的外部性器官以完成交配行为；它是物种类型得以保存、物种合法性得以维护的保障。]L. 迪富尔，1844年。
