Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
Nanotoxicology. 2013 May;7(3):235-50. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2011.649796. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
Silica nanoparticles have an interesting potential in drug delivery, gene therapy and molecular imaging due to the possibility of tailoring their surface reactivity that can be obtained by surface modification. Despite these potential benefits, there is concern that exposure of humans to certain types of silica nanomaterials may lead to significant adverse health effects. The motivation of this study was to determine the kinetics of cellular binding/uptake of the vinyl- and the aminopropyl/vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles into peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, to explore their genotoxic and cytotoxic properties and to compare the biological properties of modified silica nanoparticles with those of the unmodified ones. Size of nanoparticles determined by SEM varied from 10 to 50 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential also varied from 176.7 nm (+18.16 mV) [aminopropyl/vinyl-modified] and 235.4 nm (-9.49 mV) [vinyl-modified] to 266.3 (-13.32 mV) [unmodified]. Surface-modified silica particles were internalized by lymphocytes with varying efficiency and expressed no cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, as determined by various methods (cell viability, apoptosis/necrosis, oxidative DNA damage, chromosome aberrations). However, they affected the proliferation of the lymphocytes as indicated by a decrease in mitotic index value and cell cycle progression. In contrast, unmodified silica nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxic and genotoxic properties at high doses as well as interfered with cell cycle.
由于可以通过表面修饰来调整其表面反应性，因此硅纳米颗粒在药物输送、基因治疗和分子成像方面具有有趣的潜力。尽管有这些潜在的好处，但人们担心人类接触某些类型的硅纳米材料可能会导致严重的健康影响。本研究的动机是确定体外细胞对乙烯基和氨丙基/乙烯基修饰的硅纳米颗粒进入外周血淋巴细胞的结合/摄取动力学，探索其遗传毒性和细胞毒性特性，并比较修饰的硅纳米颗粒与未修饰的硅纳米颗粒的生物学特性。通过 SEM 确定的纳米颗粒的大小从 10 到 50nm 不等。平均水动力直径和 zeta 电位也从 176.7nm(+18.16mV)[氨丙基/乙烯基修饰]和 235.4nm(-9.49mV)[乙烯基修饰]变化到 266.3(-13.32mV)[未修饰]。表面修饰的硅颗粒被淋巴细胞以不同的效率内化，并且通过各种方法（细胞活力、细胞凋亡/坏死、氧化 DNA 损伤、染色体畸变）均未表现出细胞毒性或遗传毒性作用。然而，它们如通过有丝分裂指数值和细胞周期进程的降低所指示的那样影响淋巴细胞的增殖。相比之下，未修饰的硅纳米颗粒在高剂量下表现出细胞毒性和遗传毒性特性，并且还干扰细胞周期。
