Itoh Y, Hayashi Y, Tsukui I, Saito S
Department of Administration Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
Ergonomics. 1990 Jun;33(6):719-33. doi: 10.1080/00140139008927181.
This paper presents an experiment which examines characteristics of pilots' scanning behaviour when using integrated CRT displays, and the changes in characteristics when pilots face abnormal situations. The subjects were five experienced pilots. They performed two modes of flight tasks, under normal and abnormal situations, in flight simulators with standard settings. The flight simulators were for a Boeing 747-300 (B747), which made use of electromechanical displays, and for a Boeing 767 (B767), equipped with integrated CRT displays. The results showed that the B767 pilots tended to gaze at the attitude director indicator which was displayed in the integrated CRT display. It was assumed that 'gaze-type scanning' might be one of the characteristics of pilots' scanning behaviour in cockpits which use the integrated display. By employing subjective ratings and heart rate variability to measure mental workload, no differences in mental workload between the B767 pilots and the B747 pilots were observed. However, in abnormal situations, the changes in scanning pattern for B767 pilots were found to be smaller than those of the B747 pilots. It is concluded that the application of integrated displays helps pilots to obtain sufficient information more easily than electromechanical displays do, even under abnormal situations.
本文介绍了一项实验，该实验研究了飞行员在使用集成阴极射线管（CRT）显示器时的扫描行为特征，以及飞行员面对异常情况时这些特征的变化。受试者为五名经验丰富的飞行员。他们在标准设置的飞行模拟器中，在正常和异常情况下执行两种飞行任务模式。飞行模拟器分别是用于波音747 - 300（B747）的，其使用机电显示器；以及用于波音767（B767）的，配备集成CRT显示器。结果表明，B767的飞行员倾向于注视集成CRT显示器中显示的姿态指引仪。据推测，“凝视型扫描”可能是在使用集成显示器的驾驶舱中飞行员扫描行为的特征之一。通过采用主观评分和心率变异性来测量心理负荷，未观察到B767飞行员和B747飞行员在心理负荷上存在差异。然而，在异常情况下，发现B767飞行员的扫描模式变化比B747飞行员的小。得出的结论是，即使在异常情况下，集成显示器的应用也比机电显示器更有助于飞行员更轻松地获取足够的信息。
