Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland.
Prev Vet Med. 2012 Jul 1;105(3):176-84. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.12.014. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
Animal health and residue surveillance verifies the good health status of the animal population, thereby supporting international free trade of animals and animal products. However, active surveillance is costly and time-consuming. The development of cost-effective tools for animal health and food hazard surveillance is therefore a priority for decision-makers in the field of veterinary public health. The assumption of this paper is that outcome-based formulation of standards, legislation leaving room for risk-based approaches and close collaboration and a mutual understanding and exchange between scientists and policy makers are essential for cost-effective surveillance. We illustrate this using the following examples: (i) a risk-based sample size calculation for surveys to substantiate freedom from diseases/infection, (ii) a cost-effective national surveillance system for Bluetongue using scenario tree modelling and (iii) a framework for risk-based residue monitoring. Surveys to substantiate freedom from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and enzootic bovine leucosis between 2002 and 2009 saved over 6 million € by applying a risk-based sample size calculation approach, and by taking into account prior information from repeated surveys. An open, progressive policy making process stimulates research and science to develop risk-based and cost-efficient survey methodologies. Early involvement of policy makers in scientific developments facilitates implementation of new findings and full exploitation of benefits for producers and consumers.
动物健康和残留监测可确保动物群体的良好健康状况，从而支持动物和动物产品的国际贸易。然而，主动监测既昂贵又耗时。因此，为决策者制定具有成本效益的动物健康和食品安全监测工具是兽医公共卫生领域的当务之急。本文的假设是，基于结果的标准制定、为基于风险的方法留出空间的立法以及科学家和决策者之间的密切合作、相互理解和交流对于具有成本效益的监测至关重要。我们将通过以下示例来说明这一点：（i）用于证明无疾病/感染的基于风险的抽样大小计算，（ii）使用情景树模型进行蓝舌病的具有成本效益的国家监测系统，以及（iii）基于风险的残留监测框架。2002 年至 2009 年期间，为证明牛传染性鼻气管炎和牛白血病的无感染性而进行的调查，通过应用基于风险的抽样大小计算方法并考虑到重复调查的先前信息，节省了超过 600 万欧元。开放、渐进的决策制定过程可促进基于风险和具有成本效益的调查方法的研究和科学发展。决策者尽早参与科学发展，有助于实施新发现并充分利用其为生产者和消费者带来的利益。
