肯尼斯·J·罗斯曼与流行病学中的多因果关系
Kenneth J. Rothman and multicausality in epidemiology.
作者信息
Bizouarn P
机构信息
Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital G.- et R. -Laënnec, boulevard Jacques-Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
出版信息
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2012 Feb;60(1):59-69. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2011.08.067. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND
The sufficient-component cause model is one of several conceptual models for causation that appeared in the 1970s in response to the problem of multicausality in chronic diseases.
METHODS
The aim of this article is to present the Rothman model as he introduced it in his seminal article "Causes," written in 1976.
RESULTS
We show that: the notion of sufficiency and necessity, as opposed to the notion of probability, succeeded in forming a valid concept of cause; that this theoretical model recently introduced in other models of causality in epidemiology did not always succeed in solving the several practical problems related to multicausality, which Rothman wanted to solve by defending a working definition of causality.
CONCLUSION
Despite its weaknesses, the Rothman model has contributed significantly to the understanding of what a cause is in epidemiology, making it possible to address this question from a point of view unfamiliar to the "risk factor" approach to diseases.
背景
充分病因模型是20世纪70年代出现的几种因果关系概念模型之一，旨在应对慢性病中的多因果关系问题。
方法
本文的目的是介绍罗斯曼在其1976年发表的开创性文章《病因》中提出的模型。
结果
我们表明：与概率概念相对的充分性和必要性概念成功地形成了一个有效的病因概念；最近在流行病学的其他因果关系模型中引入的这个理论模型，在解决与多因果关系相关的几个实际问题时并不总是成功，而罗斯曼希望通过捍卫因果关系的一个实用定义来解决这些问题。
结论
尽管罗斯曼模型存在弱点，但它对理解流行病学中的病因做出了重大贡献，使得能够从与疾病“风险因素”方法不同的角度来探讨这个问题。
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