Tsybulin Olexandr, Sidorik Evgeniy, Kyrylenko Sergiy, Henshel Diane, Yakymenko Igor
Department of Biophysics, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2012 Mar;31(1):75-86. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2011.624656. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
A wide range of non thermal biological effects of microwave radiation (MW) was revealed during the last decades. A number of reports showed evident hazardous effects of MW on embryo development in chicken. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the effects of MW emitted by a commercial model of GSM 900 MHz cell phone on embryo development in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during both short and prolonged exposure. For that, fresh fertilized eggs were irradiated during the first 38 h or 14 days of incubation by a cell phone in "connecting" mode activated continuously through a computer system. Maximum intensity of incident radiation on the egg's surface was 0.2 μW/cm2.The irradiation led to a significant (p<0.001) increase in numbers of differentiated somites in 38-hour exposed embryos and to a significant (p<0.05) increase in total survival of embryos from exposed eggs after 14 days exposure. We hypothesized that observed facilitating effect was due to enhancement of metabolism in exposed embryos provoked via peroxidation mechanisms. Indeed, a level of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances was significantly (p<0.05-0.001) higher in brains and livers of hatchlings from exposed embryos. Thus, observed effects of radiation from commercial GSM 900 MHz cell phone on developing quail embryos signify a possibility for non-thermal impact of MW on embryogenesis. We suggest that the facilitating effect of low doses of irradiation on embryo development can be explained by a hormesis effect induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Future studies need to be done to clarify this assumption.
在过去几十年中，人们发现了微波辐射（MW）的多种非热生物效应。许多报告显示，微波对鸡的胚胎发育有明显的有害影响。在本研究中，我们旨在阐明一款商用GSM 900 MHz手机发出的微波在短期和长期暴露期间对鹌鹑（日本鹌鹑）胚胎发育的影响。为此，在孵化的前38小时或14天内，通过计算机系统持续激活处于“连接”模式的手机对新鲜受精卵进行照射。卵表面的入射辐射最大强度为0.2μW/cm²。照射导致38小时暴露胚胎中分化体节数量显著增加（p<0.001），并使暴露卵的胚胎在14天暴露后总存活率显著提高（p<0.05）。我们假设观察到的促进作用是由于通过过氧化机制激发了暴露胚胎的新陈代谢。事实上，暴露胚胎孵化出的幼雏的大脑和肝脏中硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）反应性物质的水平显著更高（p<0.05 - 0.001）。因此，商用GSM 900 MHz手机辐射对鹌鹑胚胎发育的观察结果表明微波对胚胎发生存在非热影响的可能性。我们认为低剂量照射对胚胎发育的促进作用可以通过活性氧（ROS）诱导的兴奋效应来解释。未来需要开展研究来阐明这一假设。
