Department of Traffic and Engineering Psychology, TU Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45:610-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.048. Epub 2011 Nov 4.
One of the main contributing factors with intersection accidents is lack of information due to attention allocation. In many cases, drivers fail to yield right of way to other traffic participants. One reason is that drivers have inappropriate expectations about a traffic situation. They allocate their attention primarily to certain areas of the intersection but neglect others. In a driving simulator study, the influence of intersection complexity on drivers' expectations and their driving behavior was examined. In two T-intersections, the complexity was varied by the traffic density (low and high) using either one or two important objects: vehicles (left) with or without pedestrians (right). Additionally, the reaction to two critical incidents in close proximity of the intersections was examined. Gaze behavior, vehicle reactions, and subjective data were recorded. 40 subjects (26 male, 14 female, M=31.0 years, SD=11.9 years) participated in the study. Interestingly, the least complex intersections showed the most accidents which was interpreted as the result of inadequate attention allocation. It was shown that both the drivers' attention allocation and vehicle velocity when turning off were responsible for this effect. The results contribute to a better understanding of the role of drivers' expectation and attention allocation in the causation of intersection accidents.
导致交叉事故的一个主要因素是由于注意力分配导致信息缺失。在许多情况下，驾驶员未能向其他交通参与者让路。其中一个原因是驾驶员对交通状况有不恰当的期望。他们主要将注意力分配到交叉口的某些区域，而忽略其他区域。在驾驶模拟器研究中，考察了交叉口复杂性对驾驶员期望及其驾驶行为的影响。在两个 T 型交叉口，使用一个或两个重要物体（车辆（左侧）和/或行人（右侧））改变交通密度（低和高）来改变复杂性。此外，还研究了交叉口附近两个关键事件的反应。记录了注视行为、车辆反应和主观数据。40 名受试者（26 名男性，14 名女性，M=31.0 岁，SD=11.9 岁）参与了这项研究。有趣的是，最不复杂的交叉口发生的事故最多，这被解释为注意力分配不足的结果。结果表明，驾驶员在转弯时的注意力分配和车辆速度都会对这种情况产生影响。研究结果有助于更好地理解驾驶员期望和注意力分配在交叉口事故成因中的作用。
