Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;7(4):820-34. doi: 10.1007/s11481-011-9336-x. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
Chemokines are small, secreted proteins that have been shown to be important regulators of leukocyte trafficking and inflammation. All the known effects of chemokines are transduced by action at a family of G protein coupled receptors. Two of these receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are also known to be the major cellular receptors for HIV-1. Consideration of the evolution of the chemokine family has demonstrated that the chemokine Stromal cell Derived Factor-1 or SDF1 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are the most ancient members of the family and existed in animals prior to the development of a sophisticated immune system. Thus, it appears that the original function of chemokine signaling was in the regulation of stem cell trafficking and development. CXCR4 signaling is important in the development of many tissues including the nervous system. Here we discuss the manner in which CXCR4 signaling can regulate the development of different structures in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the different strategies employed to achieve these effects.
趋化因子是小的分泌蛋白，已被证明是白细胞迁移和炎症的重要调节剂。趋化因子的所有已知作用都是通过作用于 G 蛋白偶联受体家族来传递的。这两种受体，CCR5 和 CXCR4，也是 HIV-1 的主要细胞受体。对趋化因子家族的进化的考虑表明，趋化因子基质细胞衍生因子-1 或 SDF1（CXCL12）及其受体 CXCR4 是家族中最古老的成员，并且在免疫系统发育之前就存在于动物中。因此，趋化因子信号的原始功能似乎在于调节干细胞的迁移和发育。CXCR4 信号在许多组织的发育中都很重要，包括神经系统。在这里，我们讨论了 CXCR4 信号如何调节中枢和周围神经系统中不同结构的发育，以及为实现这些效果而采用的不同策略。
