Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Science Research Council, 69–83 Plein Street, Cape Town, South Africa.
Bull World Health Organ. 2011 Dec 1;89(12):891-9. doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.089243. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
To assess the status of food security--i.e., access to food, food availability and food utilization--in South Africa.
A systematic search of national surveys that used the Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project (CCHIP) index to measure food security in South Africa over a period of 10 years (1999-2008) was conducted. Anthropometric data for children aged 1-9 years were used to assess food utilization, and household food inventory data were used to assess food availability.
Only three national surveys had used the CCHIP index, namely, the 1999 and 2005 National Food Consumption Surveys (NFCS) and the 2008 South African Social Attitudes Survey. These surveys showed a relatively large decrease in food insecurity between 1999 and 2008. However, the consistent emerging trend indicated that in poorer households women were either feeding their children a poor diet or skipping meals so their children could eat. In terms of food access and availability, the 1999 NFCS showed that households that enjoyed food security consumed an average of 16 different food items over 24 hours, whereas poorer households spent less money on food and consumed fewer than 8 different food items. Moreover, children had low mean scores for dietary diversity (3.58; standard deviation, SD: ± 1.37) and dietary variety (5.52; SD: ± 2.54) scores. In terms of food utilization, the NFCS showed that stunting in children decreased from 21.6% in 1999 to 18% in 2005.
The South African government must implement measures to improve the undesirably high level of food insecurity in poorer households.
评估南非的粮食安全状况，即粮食获取情况、粮食供应情况和粮食利用情况。
对过去 10 年（1999 年至 2008 年）中使用社区儿童饥饿识别项目（CCHIP）指数来衡量南非粮食安全状况的全国性调查进行了系统检索。利用 1 至 9 岁儿童的人体测量数据来评估粮食利用情况，利用家庭粮食库存数据来评估粮食供应情况。
仅有三项全国性调查使用了 CCHIP 指数，即 1999 年和 2005 年国家食品消费调查（NFCS）以及 2008 年南非社会态度调查。这些调查显示，1999 年至 2008 年期间粮食无保障状况大幅下降。然而，不断出现的趋势表明，在较贫困的家庭中，妇女要么让孩子吃不饱，要么自己不吃饭，让孩子吃。在粮食获取和供应方面，1999 年 NFCS 表明，享有粮食安全的家庭在 24 小时内平均消费 16 种不同的食物，而较贫困的家庭在食品上的支出较少，消费的食物种类不足 8 种。此外，儿童的饮食多样性（3.58；标准差，±1.37）和饮食种类（5.52；标准差，±2.54）评分均较低。在粮食利用方面，NFCS 显示，1999 年儿童发育迟缓率为 21.6%，2005 年下降至 18%。
南非政府必须采取措施，改善贫困家庭粮食无保障程度高这一不理想的状况。
