Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
Biol Cell. 2012 May;104(5):297-305. doi: 10.1111/boc.201100102. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Mammalian spermatogenesis is characterised by dramatic cellular change to transform the non-polar spermatogonium into a highly polarised and functional spermatozoon. The acquisition of cell polarity is a requisite step for formation of viable sperm. The polarity of the spermatozoon is clearly demonstrated by the acrosome at the apical pole of the cell and the flagellum at the opposite end. Spermatogenesis consists of three basic phases: mitosis, meiosis and spermiogenesis. The final phase represents the period of greatest cellular change where cell-type specific organelles such as the acrosome and the flagellum form, the nucleus migrates to the plasma membrane and elongates, chromatin condenses and residual cytoplasm is removed. An important feature of spermatogenesis is the change in the cytoskeleton that occurs throughout this pathway. In this review, the author will provide an overview of these transformations and provide insight into possible modes of regulation of these rearrangements during spermatogenesis. Although primary focus will be given to the microtubule cytoskeleton, the importance of actin filaments to the cellular transformation of the male germ cell will also be discussed.
哺乳动物的精子发生过程以剧烈的细胞变化为特征，将非极性精原细胞转化为高度极化和功能化的精子。细胞极性的获得是形成有活力精子的必要步骤。精子的极性通过细胞顶端的顶体和另一端的鞭毛清晰地显示出来。精子发生包括三个基本阶段：有丝分裂、减数分裂和精子形成。最后一个阶段代表细胞变化最大的时期，在此期间，形成细胞类型特异性细胞器，如顶体和鞭毛，核迁移到质膜并伸长，染色质浓缩，残留细胞质被去除。精子发生的一个重要特征是整个途径中细胞骨架的变化。在这篇综述中，作者将概述这些转化，并深入了解精子发生过程中这些重排的可能调节模式。尽管主要关注微管细胞骨架，但也将讨论肌动蛋白丝对雄性生殖细胞的细胞转化的重要性。
