Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Apr;17(2):67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
This review focuses on genetic and environmental influences that result in long term alterations in lung structure and function. Environmental factors operating during fetal and early postnatal life can have persistent effects on lung development and so influence lung function and respiratory health throughout life. Common factors affecting the quality of the intrauterine environment that can alter lung development include fetal nutrient and oxygen availability leading to intrauterine growth restriction, fetal intrathoracic space, intrauterine infection or inflammation, maternal tobacco smoking and other drug exposures. Similarly, factors that operate during early postnatal life, such as mechanical ventilation and high FiO(2) in the case of preterm birth, undernutrition, exposure to tobacco smoke and respiratory infections, can all lead to persistent alterations in lung structure and function. Greater awareness of the many prenatal and early postnatal factors that can alter lung development will help to improve lung development and hence respiratory health throughout life.
这篇综述重点关注导致肺部结构和功能长期改变的遗传和环境影响。在胎儿期和出生后早期发挥作用的环境因素会对肺部发育产生持久影响，从而影响整个生命周期的肺功能和呼吸道健康。影响宫内环境质量并可改变肺部发育的常见因素包括胎儿的营养和氧气供应，导致宫内生长受限、胎儿胸腔内空间、宫内感染或炎症、母亲吸烟和其他药物暴露。同样，出生后早期发挥作用的因素，如早产时的机械通气和高 FiO(2)、营养不足、暴露于烟草烟雾和呼吸道感染，都可能导致肺部结构和功能的持续改变。提高对许多可改变肺部发育的产前和出生后因素的认识，将有助于改善肺部发育，从而改善整个生命周期的呼吸道健康。
