Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0205, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jan;131(1):156-63. doi: 10.1121/1.3662076.
To track highly directional echolocation clicks from odontocetes, passive hydrophone arrays with small apertures can be used to receive the same high frequency click on each sensor. A four-hydrophone small-aperture array was coupled to an autonomous acoustic recorder and used for long-term tracking of high-frequency odontocete sounds. The instrument was deployed in the spring of 2009 offshore of southern California in a known beaked whale and dolphin habitat at about 1000 m depth. The array was configured as a tetrahedron with approximately 0.5 m sensor spacing. Time difference of arrival measurements between the six sensor-pairs were used to estimate three-dimensional bearings to sources. Both near-seafloor beaked whales and near-sea surface dolphins were tracked. The tracks observed using this technique provide swimming and diving behavioral information for free-ranging animals using a single instrument. Furthermore, animal detection ranges were derived, allowing for estimation of detection probability functions.
为了追踪齿鲸发出的高度定向回声定位咔哒声，可以使用带有小孔径的被动水听器阵来接收每个传感器上的相同高频咔哒声。一个由四个水听器组成的小孔径阵耦合到自主声记录仪上，用于长期跟踪高频齿鲸声音。该仪器于 2009 年春季在加利福尼亚南部近海部署，位于已知的喙鲸和海豚栖息地，水深约 1000 米。该阵列为四面体结构，传感器间距约为 0.5 米。使用到达时间差测量值在六个传感器对之间来估计声源的三维方位。使用这种技术可以追踪近海底的喙鲸和近海面的海豚。通过该技术观察到的轨迹为使用单个仪器的自由游动动物提供了游泳和潜水行为信息。此外，还得出了动物探测范围，从而可以估计探测概率函数。
