Department of Nursing Sciences, Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Nurs Res. 2012 Mar-Apr;61(2):140-4. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182456690.
In Japan, the rate of passive smoking among pregnant women is 52.7%, and smokers are usually their husbands (80.8%). Fetal environmental tobacco smoke has been measured using cotinine levels in maternal and neonatal hair, urine, or umbilical cord blood. However, using saliva from neonates immediately after birth has not been explored among noninvasive methods.
The aims of this study were to (a) determine the relationship between fathers' smoking status during pregnancy and neonatal and maternal salivary cotinine immediately after delivery and (b) evaluate the potential use of salivary cotinine measurements immediately after birth to determine the exposure of the neonates to passive smoke.
A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 34 pairs of nonsmoking mothers and their neonates who had visited for a health check-up at a general hospital in Tokyo. Saliva samples were collected from mothers and their neonates within 24 hours of delivery. All samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information about maternal age, neonate's birth weight, and smoking status of the father were obtained by interview and questionnaire.
Salivary cotinine levels in neonates and mothers with indoor-smoking fathers were significantly higher compared with those in neonates and mothers with nonsmoking and outdoor-smoking fathers. A very strong positive correlation was observed between neonatal and maternal cotinine levels.
Smoking indoors by the father affected the mother and neonate. Salivary cotinine measurement is a feasible method to evaluate passive exposure of neonates to tobacco smoke.
在日本，孕妇被动吸烟率为 52.7%，吸烟者通常是她们的丈夫（80.8%）。胎儿环境烟草烟雾已通过测量母亲和新生儿头发、尿液或脐带血中的可替宁水平来进行检测。然而，在非侵入性方法中，尚未探讨使用新生儿出生后立即的唾液来进行检测。
本研究的目的是：(a) 确定父亲在怀孕期间的吸烟状况与新生儿和产妇分娩后立即的唾液可替宁之间的关系；(b) 评估使用分娩后立即的唾液可替宁测量值来确定新生儿被动吸烟暴露的潜在用途。
采用横断面调查设计。参与者为 34 对不吸烟的母亲及其在东京一家综合医院进行健康检查的新生儿。在分娩后 24 小时内从母亲及其新生儿中采集唾液样本。所有样本均采用酶联免疫吸附测定法进行分析。通过访谈和问卷调查获取母亲年龄、新生儿出生体重和父亲吸烟状况等信息。
有室内吸烟父亲的新生儿和母亲的唾液可替宁水平明显高于无吸烟和室外吸烟父亲的新生儿和母亲。新生儿和母亲的可替宁水平之间存在非常强的正相关关系。
父亲在室内吸烟会影响母亲和新生儿。唾液可替宁测量是评估新生儿被动接触烟草烟雾的可行方法。
