Department of Psychology, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, Missouri, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2012 Jul;40(5):703-16. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0180-2.
In four experiments, we examined the effects of repetitions and variability on the learning of bird families and metacognitive awareness of such effects. Of particular interest was the accuracy of, and bases for, predictions regarding classification of novel bird species, referred to as category learning judgments (CLJs). Participants studied birds in high repetitions and high variability conditions. These conditions differed in the number of presentations of each bird (repetitions) and the number of unique species from each family (variability). After study, participants made CLJs for each family and were then tested. Results from a classification test revealed repetition benefits for studied species and variability benefits for novel species. In contrast with performance, CLJs did not reflect the benefits of variability. Results showed that CLJs were susceptible to accessibility-based metacognitive illusions produced by additional repetitions of studied items.
在四项实验中，我们研究了重复和变化对鸟类家族学习以及对这些影响的元认知意识的影响。特别感兴趣的是对新的鸟类物种进行分类的预测的准确性，这些预测被称为类别学习判断（CLJ）。参与者在高重复和高变化的条件下学习鸟类。这些条件在每个鸟类的呈现次数（重复次数）和每个家族的独特物种数量（变化）上有所不同。学习后，参与者对每个家族进行 CLJ，然后进行测试。分类测试的结果显示，研究过的物种具有重复的优势，而新物种具有变化的优势。与表现相反，CLJ 并没有反映出变化的好处。结果表明，CLJ 容易受到由学习项目的额外重复产生的基于可及性的元认知错觉的影响。
