Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
Waste Manag. 2012 Jun;32(6):1171-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.002. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
Toxicity of waste gasification bottom ash leachate from landfill lysimeters (112 m(3)) was studied over three years. The leachate of grate incineration bottom ash from a parallel setup was used as reference material. Three aquatic organisms (bioluminescent bacteria, green algae and water flea) were used to study acute toxicity. In addition, an ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay was performed with mouse hepatoma cells to indicate the presence of organic contaminants. Concentrations of 14 elements and 15 PAH compounds were determined to characterise leachate. Gasification ash leachate had a high pH (9.2-12.4) and assays with and without pH adjustment to neutral were used. Gasification ash leachate was acutely toxic (EC(50) 0.09-62 vol-%) in all assays except in the algae assay with pH adjustment. The gasification ash toxicity lasted the entire study period and was at maximum after two years of disposal both in water flea (EC(50) 0.09 vol-%) and in algae assays (EC(50) 7.5 vol-%). The grate ash leachate showed decreasing toxicity during the first two years of disposal in water flea and algae assays, which then tapered off. Both in the grate ash and in the gasification ash leachates EROD-activity increased during the first two years of disposal and then tapered off, the highest inductions were observed with the gasification ash leachate. The higher toxicity of the gasification ash leachate was probably related to direct and indirect effects of high pH and to lower levels of TOC and DOC compared to the grate ash leachate. The grate ash leachate toxicity was similar to that previously reported in literature, therefore, confirming that used setup was both comparable and reliable.
对来自垃圾填埋场淋溶池（112 m3）的气化底灰浸出液的毒性进行了为期三年的研究。使用来自平行设置的炉排焚烧底灰浸出液作为参考材料。三种水生生物（发光细菌、绿藻和水蚤）用于研究急性毒性。此外，还使用鼠肝癌细胞进行了乙氧基Resorufin-O-去乙基酶（EROD）测定，以表明有机污染物的存在。测定了 14 种元素和 15 种 PAH 化合物的浓度，以描述浸出液。气化灰浸出液的 pH 值很高（9.2-12.4），并且使用了 pH 值调节为中性的和未调节的两种浸出液进行试验。在所有试验中，除了 pH 值调节后的藻类试验外，气化灰浸出液均具有急性毒性（EC50 为 0.09-62 体积%）。在水蚤和藻类试验中，气化灰渣的毒性在处置两年后达到最大值（EC50 分别为 0.09 体积%和 7.5 体积%），在整个研究期间都存在。炉排灰浸出液在水蚤和藻类试验中的毒性在前两年处置过程中逐渐降低，然后逐渐减弱。在炉排灰和气化灰浸出液中，EROD 活性在处置的前两年增加，然后逐渐减弱，气化灰浸出液的诱导作用最高。气化灰浸出液的较高毒性可能与高 pH 值的直接和间接影响以及与炉排灰浸出液相比，TOC 和 DOC 水平较低有关。炉排灰浸出液的毒性与文献中先前报道的相似，因此证实所使用的设置既具有可比性又可靠。
