Department of Linguistics, McGill University, Canada.
Neuropsychologia. 2012 Apr;50(5):821-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jan 21.
The current rapid event-related fMRI study used optional parasitic-gap constructions, such as [Which paper] did the tired student submit [(gap)--] after reviewing [(p-gap)--/it]?, to test 3 potential roles for Broca's area in sentence processing. These 3 functional options are: I. any intra-sentential Dependency relation activates Broca's area. II. This region specifically processes syntactic Displacement or movement. III. Broca's area handles any dependency relation, as long as it is predictable at an early stage of processing. Broca's area was only activated by the contrast that tested predictability within BA 45, as determined by its overlap with cytoarchitectonic probability maps. These results imply that an alternative or modified functional account of Broca's area, from those presently available, is required. Constraints on either a displacement account to movements that are not parasitic or a Working Memory one to predicted dependencies that cross verbal arguments or noun phrases would achieve the necessary consistency. Further, the results from the minimal contrasts investigating displacement and dependency have implications to potential language regions outside of Broca's area. The minimal contrast investigating displacement activated the left anterior Middle Temporal Gyrus, which has more recently been claimed to play a role in syntactic operations.
当前快速事件相关 fMRI 研究使用可选的寄生语隙结构，如 [哪篇论文]疲惫的学生在审查 [(p-gap)--/it]？后提交的 [Which paper] did the tired student submit [(gap)--] after reviewing [(p-gap)--/it]?，来测试布洛卡区在句子处理中的 3 种潜在作用。这 3 种功能选项是：I. 任何句内依存关系都会激活布洛卡区。II. 该区域专门处理句法移位或移动。III. 只要在处理的早期阶段可以预测，布洛卡区就可以处理任何依赖关系。只有当与细胞构筑概率图的重叠确定 BA45 内的可预测性时，才会激活布洛卡区来对比测试。这些结果意味着，需要对布洛卡区提供替代或修改后的功能解释，而不是目前现有的解释。对非寄生移位的限制，或者对跨词项或名词短语的预测依赖性的工作记忆限制，将实现必要的一致性。此外，对移位和依赖关系进行最小对比的结果对布洛卡区以外的潜在语言区域具有影响。对移位进行最小对比的结果激活了左前颞中回，该区域最近被认为在句法操作中发挥作用。
