Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Behav Brain Sci. 2012 Feb;35(1):21-2. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X11001191.
The claims about (1) the lack of empirical support for a model of strong reciprocation and (2) the irrelevant empirical role of costly punishment to support cooperation in the field need qualifications. The interpretation of field evidence is not straightforward, and other-regarding preferences are also likely to play a role in the field.
（1）强互惠模型缺乏经验支持，以及（2）昂贵惩罚对支持合作的实证作用不相关这两个观点，需要加以限定。对现场证据的解释并不简单，亲社会偏好也可能在现场发挥作用。
