Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 9;21(21):8401. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218401.
As sessile species, plants have to deal with the rapidly changing environment. In response to these environmental conditions, plants employ a plethora of response mechanisms that provide broad phenotypic plasticity to allow the fine-tuning of the external cues related reactions. Molecular biology has been transformed by the major breakthroughs in high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and expression analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. These innovations have provided substantial progress in the identification of genomic regions as well as underlying basis influencing transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of abiotic stress response. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as essential regulators of plants abiotic stress response. However, shared traits in the biogenesis of ncRNAs and the coordinated cross-talk among ncRNAs mechanisms contribute to the complexity of these molecules and might play an essential part in regulating stress responses. Herein, we highlight the current knowledge of plant microRNAs, siRNAs, and lncRNAs, focusing on their origin, biogenesis, modes of action, and fundamental roles in plant response to abiotic stresses.
作为固着生物，植物必须应对快速变化的环境。为了应对这些环境条件，植物采用了大量的响应机制，提供了广泛的表型可塑性，以允许对与外部线索相关的反应进行微调。分子生物学因高通量转录组测序和使用下一代测序 (NGS) 技术的表达分析的重大突破而发生了转变。这些创新为鉴定基因组区域以及影响非生物胁迫反应转录和转录后调控的基础提供了实质性进展。非编码 RNA（ncRNA），特别是 microRNAs（miRNAs）、短干扰 RNA（siRNAs）和长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs），已成为植物非生物胁迫反应的重要调控因子。然而，ncRNA 生物发生的共同特征以及 ncRNA 机制之间的协调串扰导致这些分子的复杂性，并可能在调节应激反应中发挥重要作用。在此，我们重点介绍植物 microRNAs、siRNAs 和 lncRNAs 的最新知识，重点关注它们的起源、生物发生、作用模式以及在植物应对非生物胁迫中的基本作用。
