Nie Hushuai, Cheng Cheng, Kong Jie, Li Huijing, Hua Jinping
Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 15;14:1109941. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1109941. eCollection 2023.
Male sterility is classified as either cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) or genic male sterility (GMS). Generally, CMS involves mitochondrial genomes interacting with the nuclear genome, while GMS is caused by nuclear genes alone. Male sterility is regulated by multilevel mechanisms in which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), which have been proven to be critical elements. The development of high-throughput sequencing technology offers new opportunities to evaluate the genetic mechanism of ncRNAs in plant male sterility. In this review, we summarize the critical ncRNAs that regulate gene expression in ways dependent on or independent of hormones, which involve the differentiation of the stamen primordia, degradation of the tapetum, formation of microspores, and the release of pollen. In addition, the key mechanisms of the miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks mediating male sterility in plants are elaborated. We present a different perspective on exploring the ncRNA-mediated regulatory pathways that control CMS in plants and create male-sterile lines through hormones or genome editing. A refined understanding of the ncRNA regulatory mechanisms in plant male sterility for the development of new sterile lines would be conducive to improve hybridization breeding.
雄性不育可分为细胞质雄性不育（CMS）和细胞核雄性不育（GMS）。一般来说，CMS涉及线粒体基因组与核基因组的相互作用，而GMS仅由核基因引起。雄性不育受多级机制调控，其中非编码RNA（ncRNA），包括微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和阶段性小干扰RNA（phasiRNA），已被证明是关键因素。高通量测序技术的发展为评估ncRNA在植物雄性不育中的遗传机制提供了新机会。在本综述中，我们总结了以依赖或不依赖激素的方式调控基因表达的关键ncRNA，这些方式涉及雄蕊原基的分化、绒毡层的降解、小孢子的形成以及花粉的释放。此外，还阐述了miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA相互作用网络介导植物雄性不育的关键机制。我们从不同角度探讨了ncRNA介导的调控途径，这些途径通过激素或基因组编辑来控制植物的CMS并创建雄性不育系。对植物雄性不育中ncRNA调控机制的深入理解，有助于开发新的不育系，从而有利于改进杂交育种。
