Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland.
Fungal Biol. 2012 Feb;116(2):185-95. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Nov 13.
The members of the smut genus Microbotryum are pathogens of a wide range of host plant species from nine dicotyledonous families. Within the genus, the species sporulating in anthers of Caryophyllaceae form a monophyletic group that in recent years attracted much interest in various biological studies. The phylogenetic framework developed for species delimitation within Microbotryum revealed that high level host-specificity is a major feature of most caryophyllaceous anther smuts. However, the great number of anther smut specimens on diverse host plant species reported worldwide has still not been included in phylogenetic analyses due to the inaccessibility of recently collected specimens, and thus many species remain still undiscovered. In this study, anther smut specimens on Heliosperma pusillum originating from all main mountain ranges of the European Alpine System were examined using partial rDNA sequence and/or morphological analyses. The investigation revealed that all specimens are morphologically uniform and phylogenetically represent a monophyletic lineage, sister to Microbotryum lagerheimii complex on Atocion rupestre/Silene lacera/Silene vulgaris/Viscaria vulgaris. This lineage cannot be attributed to any of the previously described species, and therefore the smut in anthers of H. pusillum is described and illustrated here as a new species, Microbotryum heliospermae. The species is known from subalpine zone of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Dinaric Alps, and the Pyrenees, inhabiting host plants growing in open spring communities or semihumid mountain meadows.
污种麦角菌的成员是来自九个双子叶植物科的广泛宿主植物物种的病原体。在该属中，在石竹科花粉囊中产生孢子的物种形成一个单系群，近年来在各种生物学研究中引起了极大的兴趣。为 Microbotryum 内物种划界而开发的系统发育框架表明，高水平的宿主特异性是大多数石竹科花粉囊黑粉菌的主要特征。然而，由于最近收集的标本无法获得，世界各地报告的许多不同宿主植物物种的花粉囊黑粉菌标本尚未包含在系统发育分析中，因此许多物种仍然未被发现。在这项研究中，使用部分 rDNA 序列和/或形态分析检查了来自欧洲阿尔卑斯山系统所有主要山脉的 Heliosperma pusillum 上的花粉囊黑粉菌标本。调查结果表明，所有标本在形态上都是统一的，在系统发育上代表一个单系谱系，与 Atocion rupestre/Silene lacera/Silene vulgaris/Viscaria vulgaris 上的 Microbotryum lagerheimii 复合体的亲缘关系最近。该谱系不能归因于任何先前描述的物种，因此，将 H. pusillum 花粉囊中黑粉菌描述并图示为一个新物种，Microbotryum heliospermae。该物种分布于阿尔卑斯山的亚高山带、喀尔巴阡山脉、迪纳拉山脉和比利牛斯山脉，栖息于在开阔的春季群落或半湿润山地草甸中生长的宿主植物。
