LOSC Lille Métropole Football Club, Domain de Luchin, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France.
J Sports Sci. 2012;30(15):1683-93. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.637950. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Secular changes in body size, estimated fatness, skeletal maturation, and functional characteristics of youth soccer players on entry into an elite academy between 1992 and 2003 were compared. Annual selections grouped across time (1992-1995, 1996-1998, 1999-2003), playing position (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, forward), and by eventual status in the sport (professional, non-professional) were compared. Data for 158 players (age 13.4 ± 0.4 years) at entry into the academy included skeletal age (Greulich-Pyle method), height, weight, relative fatness, four field tests of functional capacities (aerobic, anaerobic, power, speed), and quadriceps concentric strength of the dominant and non-dominant legs. MANCOVA with age as the covariate and chi square were used for comparisons across years. With few exceptions (but notably estimated [V·]O(2max)), results for player size, functional characteristics, and skeletal maturation did not differ among years. Distributions of players by skeletal maturity status and within each playing position also did not differ between years. Although related research has suggested that the anthropometric characteristics of professional players and demands of contemporary professional soccer competition increased over this period, the size, maturity, and functional characteristics of youth players on entry to an elite academy and of graduates who eventually played soccer as professionals generally did not change across annual selections from 1992 to 2003. The results suggest a lack of change in selection philosophies and practices of coaches involved in recruiting players for the academy, which in turn is reflected in consistency of specific evaluation criteria employed over the decade considered.
比较了 1992 年至 2003 年期间进入精英学院的青年足球运动员的身体尺寸、估计脂肪量、骨骼成熟度和功能特征的长期变化。按时间（1992-1995 年、1996-1998 年、1999-2003 年）、比赛位置（守门员、后卫、中场、前锋）和运动中的最终地位（职业、非职业）对年度选拔进行分组。进入学院时，对 158 名球员（年龄 13.4 ± 0.4 岁）的数据进行了骨骼年龄（Greulich-Pyle 法）、身高、体重、相对脂肪量、四项功能能力的现场测试（有氧、无氧、力量、速度）和优势腿和非优势腿的股四头肌向心强度。使用协方差分析（MANCOVA）和年龄作为协变量，并使用卡方检验进行年份间的比较。除了少数例外（但明显是估计的 [V·]O(2max)），球员体型、功能特征和骨骼成熟度的结果在不同年份之间没有差异。骨骼成熟度状况和每个比赛位置的球员分布在不同年份之间也没有差异。尽管相关研究表明，在此期间，职业球员的人体测量特征和当代职业足球比赛的要求有所增加，但精英学院的青年球员进入精英学院的体型、成熟度和功能特征以及最终作为职业足球运动员的毕业生的体型、成熟度和功能特征通常在 1992 年至 2003 年期间的年度选拔中没有变化。这表明参与为学院招募球员的教练的选拔理念和实践缺乏变化，这反过来又反映了在考虑的十年中使用的特定评估标准的一致性。
