Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 18;19(6):3598. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063598.
This study aimed to: (i) analyze fat mass and physical fitness variations among age-groups and playing positions, and (ii) explore the relationship between fat mass and physical fitness in youth male soccer players. A total of 66 players from under-16, under-17, and under-19 were tested. Body mass, skinfolds, countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg triple hop jump (SLTH), bilateral triple hop jump (BTH), and yo-yo intermittent recovery Level 2 (YYIR-2) were assessed. A two- and one-way ANOVA were conducted, and the effect size was measured. Interactions were found in skin folds and fat mass. The under-19 group was taller, heavier, with a greater BMI and muscle mass than the under-16 group. They also exceeded the under-16 and under-17 in SLTH, BTH, and YYIRT-2. The under-17 group jumped higher and longer than under-16 group. Goalkeepers were taller and heavier than the midfielders. Central defenders were taller and had more muscle mass than midfielders and were heavier than the midfielders and wingers. The wingers jumped higher than the midfielders and showed better YYIRT-2. BMI was small correlated with YYIRT-2 and moderately with CMJ. Fat mass had a moderate negative correlation with CMJ and YYIRT-2. Muscle mass largely correlated with CMJ, UTH, very large with BTH and moderate with YYIRT-2. Summarily, with increasing age, better performances and body compositions were registered. Muscle mass better influences performance than body fat. Body composition can distinguish players positions.
（i）分析不同年龄组和场上位置的脂肪量和体能变化；（ii）探讨青年男性足球运动员体脂量与体能的关系。共有 66 名 16 岁以下、17 岁以下和 19 岁以下的球员接受了测试。对体重、皮褶厚度、反跳（CMJ）、单腿三级跳（SLTH）、双侧三级跳（BTH）和 Yo-Yo 间歇恢复水平 2（YYIR-2）进行了评估。进行了双因素和单因素方差分析，并测量了效应大小。在皮褶和体脂方面发现了相互作用。19 岁组比 16 岁组更高、更重，BMI 和肌肉量更大。他们在 SLTH、BTH 和 YYIRT-2 方面也超过了 16 岁和 17 岁组。17 岁组比 16 岁组跳得更高、更远。守门员比中场球员更高、更重。中后卫比中场球员更高，肌肉量更大，比中场球员和边锋更重。边锋比中场球员跳得更高，YYIRT-2 表现更好。BMI 与 YYIRT-2 呈小相关，与 CMJ 呈中度相关。体脂与 CMJ 和 YYIRT-2 呈中度负相关。肌肉量与 CMJ 高度相关，与 UTH 高度相关，与 BTH 高度相关，与 YYIRT-2 中度相关。总之，随着年龄的增长，表现和身体成分得到了更好的改善。肌肉量比体脂对表现的影响更大。身体成分可以区分球员的位置。
