Oregon State University Cascades Campus, 2600 NW College Way, Bend, OR 97701, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2012 Feb;24(1):167-79. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000757.
The current study examines the interplay between parental overreactivity and children's genetic backgrounds as inferred from birth parent characteristics on the development of negative emotionality during infancy, and in turn, to individual differences in externalizing problems in toddlerhood. The sample included 361 families linked through adoption (birth parents and adoptive families). Data were collected when the children were 9, 18, and 27 months old. Results indicated links between individual levels and changes in negative emotionality during infancy and toddlerhood to externalizing problems early in the third year of life. Findings also revealed an interaction between birth mother negative affect and adoptive mother overreactive parenting on children's negative emotionality. This Genotype × Environment interaction predicted externalizing problems indirectly through its association with negative emotionality and revealed stronger effects of genetic risk for children with less overreactive parenting from their mothers. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
本研究考察了父母过度反应与儿童遗传背景之间的相互作用，这种遗传背景是根据出生父母的特征推断出来的，对婴儿期负性情绪的发展以及随后幼儿期外化问题的个体差异有影响。样本包括通过收养联系起来的 361 个家庭（亲生父母和收养家庭）。当孩子 9 个月、18 个月和 27 个月大时收集数据。结果表明，婴儿期和幼儿期个体水平和负性情绪变化与生命第三年早期的外化问题之间存在联系。研究结果还揭示了出生母亲负性情绪和收养母亲过度反应教养之间的相互作用，对儿童的负性情绪有影响。这种基因型与环境的相互作用通过与负性情绪的关联间接预测了外化问题，并揭示了在母亲的过度养育反应较少的情况下，遗传风险对儿童的影响更大。讨论了本研究的局限性和未来研究的方向。
