Ferenc Sipos, Gábor Valcz, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jan 28;18(4):295-301. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i4.295.
The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstances where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stem cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.
最新的研究途径揭示了结肠干细胞在黏膜的生理更新以及在它们具有积极和消极影响的病理情况下的存在和作用。就人类结肠而言，存在不同层次的干细胞隔室。首先是隐窝上皮干细胞，它在正常隐窝上皮细胞动力学和结直肠肿瘤发生中起作用。靠近隐窝，可以发现第二层干细胞；局部黏膜下干细胞生态位，包括调节上皮细胞分化的隐窝周围黏膜下肌成纤维细胞，在癌症进展和慢性炎症相关纤维化中起着关键作用。第三个层次的干细胞隔室是浸润骨髓源性干细胞，它在严重黏膜炎症后的伤口愈合中起着重要作用，但也参与癌症的侵袭。本文重点介绍人类结肠中生理和病理过程背景下的干细胞生物学。
