CBME-Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
J Drug Target. 2012 May;20(4):291-300. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2011.654121. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
The application of macromolecules in therapy is frequently hindered by stability and/or permeation issues. These limitations have been addressed by the pharmaceutical industry through the development of suitable noninjectable drug carriers. In this context, nanoparticles have emerged as one of the most exciting tools due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio, which provides an intimate interaction with epithelial surfaces. Nanoparticles further enable the encapsulated molecules to retain their biological activity, from the production steps to the final release. Chitosan has reached a prominent position as carrier-forming material, as diverse methods can be applied to produce nanoparticles using that excipient. These involve either hydrophilic or lipophilic environments that generally result in mild conditions or aggressive and time-consuming processes, respectively. In this review, a detailed description of methods used to produce chitosan nanocarriers is provided, accompanied by illustrative schemes of the procedures. The emphasis is on the variables reported to affect the final properties of the vehicles.
大分子在治疗中的应用经常受到稳定性和/或渗透性问题的阻碍。制药行业通过开发合适的非注射性药物载体解决了这些限制。在这种情况下，由于比表面积增加，纳米颗粒作为最令人兴奋的工具之一出现，这提供了与上皮表面的密切相互作用。纳米颗粒进一步使包封的分子能够从生产步骤到最终释放保持其生物活性。壳聚糖作为载体形成材料占据了突出的地位，因为可以应用多种方法使用该赋形剂来生产纳米颗粒。这些方法涉及亲水性或亲脂性环境，通常分别导致温和条件或苛刻和耗时的过程。在这篇综述中，详细描述了用于制备壳聚糖纳米载体的方法，并附有程序的说明性方案。重点是报告影响载体最终性能的变量。
