University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing, Institute for Health & Aging, 3333 California St., Ste. 340, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2012 Jan-Feb;127(1):81-8. doi: 10.1177/003335491212700109.
We estimated self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in California at home and at work.
We used data from the 2005 and 2007 California Health Interview Surveys (n=109,809) for home exposure analysis, and we used data from the 2002 and 2005 California Tobacco Surveys (n=12,883) for workplace exposure analysis. Differences in exposure by age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics were assessed using Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
In the home, children had the lowest rates of SHS exposure (3.4%), followed by adolescents (4.7%) and adults (6.0%). For all age groups, Hispanic people had the lowest exposure to SHS at home, and black people of all ages had higher exposure rates than white people. In the workplace, 12.9% of Californians were exposed to SHS. Men had higher rates of exposure than women, and rates declined with age. Hispanic people had the highest rates of SHS exposure at work (19.5%), followed by Asian/Pacific Islanders (10.5%), black people (10.4%), and white people (9.7%). Workplace exposure rates were highest for people who worked in stores or warehouses, followed by plants or factories, restaurants or bars, and vehicles.
Despite many years of tough tobacco-control policies in California, people continue to be exposed to SHS at home and in the workplace. The policies that are already in place, such as smoke-free workplace laws, need to be fully enforced. Interventions for reducing SHS exposure should be targeted to the groups with the greatest exposure rates, including Hispanic people, black people, young adults, and those who work in high-exposure settings.
我们估计了加利福尼亚州在家中和工作时的二手烟（SHS）暴露情况。
我们使用了 2005 年和 2007 年加利福尼亚州健康访谈调查（n=109809）的数据进行家庭暴露分析，并且使用了 2002 年和 2005 年加利福尼亚州烟草调查（n=12883）的数据进行工作场所暴露分析。通过卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归分析评估了年龄、种族/族裔和社会经济特征差异对暴露的影响。
在家中，儿童的 SHS 暴露率最低（3.4%），其次是青少年（4.7%）和成年人（6.0%）。对于所有年龄组，西班牙裔人的 SHS 暴露率最低，而所有年龄段的黑人比白人的暴露率更高。在工作场所，12.9%的加利福尼亚人暴露于 SHS。男性的暴露率高于女性，并且随着年龄的增长而降低。西班牙裔人在工作场所的 SHS 暴露率最高（19.5%），其次是亚裔/太平洋岛民（10.5%）、黑人（10.4%）和白人（9.7%）。在商店或仓库、工厂或工厂、餐馆或酒吧以及车辆中工作的人暴露率最高。
尽管加利福尼亚州多年来一直实施严格的烟草控制政策，但人们在家中和工作场所仍继续暴露于 SHS 之下。已经实施的政策，例如无烟工作场所法律，需要得到全面执行。针对暴露率最高的人群，包括西班牙裔人、黑人、年轻成年人以及在高暴露环境中工作的人群，应采取干预措施以减少 SHS 暴露。
