Yao Tingting, Sung Hai-Yen, Wang Yingning, Lightwood James, Max Wendy
University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Health & Aging, San Francisco, California.
University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, San Francisco, California.
Public Health Rep. 2016 Mar-Apr;131(2):357-66. doi: 10.1177/003335491613100220.
We examined the levels and change in prevalence of self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, and analyzed sociodemographic differences in exposure among children (aged 0-17 years) and nonsmoking adults (aged ≥18 years) in the United States in 2000 and 2010.
We included 18,731 children and 44,049 adults from the 2000 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplements. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the factors associated with exposure.
The prevalence of self-reported SHS exposure declined from 2,627 of 10,636 (24.7%) to 663 of 8,095 (8.2%) for children and from 2,863 of 23,665 (12.1%) to 897 of 20,384 (4.4%) for adults from 2000 to 2010. SHS exposure declined for all population subgroups between the two years, but differences were found. Compared with 2000, children aged 12-17 years in 2010 were no longer more likely than children aged 0-5 years to be exposed to SHS. Non-Hispanic black children and adults were more likely than non-Hispanic white children and adults to be exposed to SHS in 2010. In 2010, no differences were found for children whose parents had a higher level of education, and no differences were observed for children or adults with high family income vs. other levels of family income. Children living in the Midwest and South had higher levels of SHS exposure than children in other regions in 2010.
Self-reported SHS exposure at home declined for all population subgroups from 2000 to 2010, but socioeconomic differences existed for some subgroups in both years. Current tobacco control policies need to be improved to reach all population subgroups so that SHS exposure can be further reduced, especially among vulnerable populations.
我们调查了自我报告的家庭二手烟暴露水平及其患病率变化，并分析了2000年和2010年美国0至17岁儿童及18岁及以上非吸烟成年人在二手烟暴露方面的社会人口学差异。
我们纳入了2000年和2010年全国健康访谈调查癌症控制补充调查中的18,731名儿童和44,049名成年人。我们使用多因素逻辑回归来确定与暴露相关的因素。
2000年至2010年，儿童自我报告的二手烟暴露患病率从10,636人中的2,627人（24.7%）降至8,095人中的663人（8.2%），成年人从23,665人中的2,863人（12.1%）降至20,384人中的897人（4.4%）。两年间所有人群亚组的二手烟暴露均有所下降，但存在差异。与2000年相比，2010年12至17岁儿童与0至5岁儿童相比，暴露于二手烟的可能性不再更高。2010年，非西班牙裔黑人儿童和成年人比非西班牙裔白人儿童和成年人更有可能暴露于二手烟。2010年，父母受教育程度较高的儿童之间未发现差异，家庭收入高的儿童或成年人与其他家庭收入水平的儿童或成年人之间也未观察到差异。2010年，居住在中西部和南部的儿童二手烟暴露水平高于其他地区的儿童。
2000年至2010年，所有人群亚组自我报告的家庭二手烟暴露均有所下降，但这两年某些亚组存在社会经济差异。当前的烟草控制政策需要改进，以覆盖所有人群亚组，从而进一步降低二手烟暴露，尤其是在弱势群体中。
