Section of Neonatal Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;95(3):656-69. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.027284. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
Early-life nutrition may influence later body composition. The effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on infant body composition is uncertain.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined body composition in healthy, term infants in relation to breastfeeding or formula feeding.
PubMed was searched for human studies that reported the outcomes fat-free mass, fat mass, or the percentage of fat mass in breastfed and formula-fed infants. Bibliographies were hand searched, and authors were contacted for additional data. The quality of studies was assessed. Differences in outcomes between feeding groups were compared at prespecified ages by using fixed-effects analyses except when heterogeneity indicated the use of random-effects analyses.
We identified 15 studies for inclusion in the systematic review and 11 studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In formula-fed infants, fat-free mass was higher at 3-4 mo [mean difference (95% CI): 0.13 kg (0.03, 0.23 kg)], 8-9 mo [0.29 kg (0.09, 0.49 kg)], and 12 mo [0.30 kg (0.13, 0.48 kg)], and fat mass was lower at 3-4 mo [-0.09 kg (-0.18, -0.01 kg)] and 6 mo [-0.18 kg (-0.34, -0.01 kg)] than in breastfed infants. Conversely, at 12 mo, fat mass was higher in formula-fed infants [0.29 kg (-0.03, 0.61 kg)] than in breastfed infants.
Compared with breastfeeding, formula feeding is associated with altered body composition in infancy.
生命早期的营养可能会影响后期的身体成分。母乳喂养和配方奶喂养对婴儿身体成分的影响尚不确定。
我们对研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，这些研究检查了健康足月婴儿与母乳喂养或配方奶喂养相关的身体成分。
在 PubMed 上搜索了报告母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿的去脂体重、脂肪量或脂肪量百分比的人体研究。手动搜索了参考文献，并联系作者以获取其他数据。评估了研究的质量。在特定年龄使用固定效应分析比较了喂养组之间的结果差异，除非异质性表明需要使用随机效应分析。
我们确定了 15 项研究进行系统评价，11 项研究进行荟萃分析。在配方奶喂养的婴儿中，3-4 月龄时去脂体重较高[平均差异（95%CI）：0.13kg（0.03，0.23kg）]，8-9 月龄时[0.29kg（0.09，0.49kg）]，12 月龄时[0.30kg（0.13，0.48kg）]，3-4 月龄和 6 月龄时脂肪量较低[-0.09kg（-0.18，-0.01kg）]和[-0.18kg（-0.34，-0.01kg）]。相反，12 月龄时，配方奶喂养的婴儿脂肪量较高[0.29kg（-0.03，0.61kg）]。
与母乳喂养相比，配方奶喂养与婴儿期身体成分的改变有关。
