Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-4380, USA.
J Psychol. 2012 Jan-Apr;146(1-2):7-22. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2011.589414.
The cognitive discrepancy model predicts that loneliness occurs when individuals perceive a difference between their desired and actual levels of social involvement. Using data from a sample of high school sophomore students, the present investigation was designed to go beyond previous research that has tested this model by examining the predicted nonlinear relationships between desired and actual social contact and feelings of loneliness. Analyses indicated that support for the cognitive discrepancy model of loneliness was found only for measures of close friendships. Specifically, the discrepancy between the students' ideal number and actual number of close friends was found to be related in a nonlinear fashion to feelings of satisfaction with close friendships and loneliness after control for the number of close friends. Implications of these findings for theoretical models of loneliness are discussed.
认知差异模型预测，当个体感知到他们期望的和实际的社会参与水平之间存在差异时，就会感到孤独。本研究利用了一组高二学生的数据，旨在超越之前仅检验该模型的研究，考察期望的和实际的社会接触与孤独感之间的预测非线性关系。分析表明，只有在亲密友谊的测量上，孤独的认知差异模型才得到支持。具体来说，在控制亲密朋友数量后，学生理想亲密朋友数量和实际亲密朋友数量之间的差异与对亲密友谊的满意度和孤独感呈非线性关系。这些发现对孤独理论模型的意义进行了讨论。
