Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, 149 Derech Namir, Tel Aviv, 62507, Israel.
J Psychol. 2012 Jan-Apr;146(1-2):61-83. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2011.568987.
The study examined the contributions of individual and familial variables for the prediction of loneliness as a developmental risk and the sense of coherence as a protective factor. The sample consisted of 287 children from grades 5-6. Their loneliness, sense of coherence, hope, effort, and family climate were assessed. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that family cohesion and children's hope contributed to the explanation of the risk and protective outcomes. Yet, the contribution of the family adaptability was not significant. Cluster analysis of the family climate dimensions (i.e., cohesion and adaptability) was performed to clarify the interactive roles of family adaptability together with family cohesion. The authors identified 4 separate family profiles: Children in the 2 cohesive families' clusters (Cohesive Structured Families and Cohesive Adaptable Families) reported the lowest levels of loneliness and the highest levels of personal strengths. Children within rigid and noncohesive family cluster reported the highest levels of loneliness and the lowest levels of children's sense of coherence. The unique role of the family flexibility within nonsupportive family systems was demonstrated. The results further clarified the unique profiles' characteristics of the different family clusters and their adjustment indexes in terms of loneliness and personal strengths.
本研究考察了个体和家庭变量对孤独感作为发展风险的预测作用，以及作为保护因素的心理一致感。样本由来自 5-6 年级的 287 名儿童组成。评估了他们的孤独感、心理一致感、希望、努力和家庭氛围。单独的分层多元回归分析显示，家庭凝聚力和儿童的希望有助于解释风险和保护结果。然而，家庭适应性的贡献并不显著。对家庭氛围维度（即凝聚力和适应性）进行聚类分析，以阐明家庭适应性与家庭凝聚力的交互作用。作者确定了 4 种不同的家庭类型：在 2 个有凝聚力的家庭群体（结构紧密的家庭和适应力强的家庭）中的儿童报告的孤独感最低，个人力量感最高。在僵化和非紧密家庭群体中的儿童报告的孤独感最高，心理一致感最低。还展示了非支持性家庭系统中家庭灵活性的独特作用。研究结果进一步阐明了不同家庭群体的独特特征及其在孤独感和个人力量方面的调整指标。
