Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovak Republic.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2012 Mar;52:21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
Despite intensive phytochemical research, data related to the accumulation of phenols in carnivorous plants include mainly qualitative reports. We have quantified phenolic metabolites in three species: Drosera capensis, Dionaea muscipula and Nepenthes anamensis in the "leaf" (assimilatory part) and the "trap" (digestive part). For comparison, commercial green tea was analysed. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in Dionaea and Nepenthes were higher in the trap than in the leaf while the opposite was found in Drosera. Soluble phenols and majority of phenolic acids were mainly accumulated in the trap among species. Flavonoids were abundant in Drosera and Dionaea traps but not in Nepenthes. Phenolic acids were preferentially accumulated in a glycosidically-bound form and gallic acid was the main metabolite. Green tea contained more soluble phenols and phenolic acids but less quercetin. In vitro experiments with Drosera spathulata revealed that nitrogen deficiency enhances PAL activity, accumulation of phenols and sugars while PAL inhibitor (2-aminoindane-2-phosphonic acid) depleted phenols and some amino acids (but free phenylalanine and sugars were elevated). Possible explanations in physiological, biochemical and ecological context are discussed.
尽管进行了深入的植物化学研究，但有关肉食植物中酚类物质积累的数据主要还是定性报告。我们已经对三种植物进行了酚类代谢物的定量分析：Drosera capensis、 Dionaea muscipula 和 Nepenthes anamensis 的“叶子”（同化部分）和“陷阱”（消化部分）。为了进行比较，还分析了商业绿茶。与其他两种植物相比，Dionaea 和 Nepenthes 的 PAL 活性在陷阱中高于叶子中，而在 Drosera 中则相反。在不同物种中，游离酚和大多数酚酸主要积累在陷阱中。黄酮类化合物在 Drosera 和 Dionaea 的陷阱中含量丰富，但在 Nepenthes 中则没有。酚酸主要以糖苷结合的形式积累，没食子酸是主要代谢物。绿茶含有更多的可溶性酚类物质和酚酸，但槲皮素较少。Drosera spathulata 的体外实验表明，氮缺乏会增强 PAL 活性、酚类物质和糖的积累，而 PAL 抑制剂（2-氨基吲哚-2-磷酸）则会耗尽酚类物质和一些氨基酸（但游离苯丙氨酸和糖的含量升高）。讨论了在生理、生化和生态背景下的可能解释。
