Center for Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
Patient Educ Couns. 2012 Dec;89(3):455-60. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.01.004. Epub 2012 Feb 10.
To develop the hypothesis that reductionism in medical anthropology, professional education and health care influences empathy development, communication and patient satisfaction.
We identified relevant literature and reviewed the material in a structured essay. We reflected our hypothesis by applying it to Anthroposophic Medicine (AM), an example of holistic theory and practice.
Reductionism in medical anthropology such as in conventional medicine seems to lead to a less empathetic and less communicative health care culture than holism such as in CAM disciplines. However, reductionism can be transformed into a systemic, multi-perspective holistic view, when the emergent properties of the physical, living, psychic, spiritual and social levels of human existence and the causal relations between them are more carefully accounted for in epistemology, medical anthropology and professional education. This is shown by the example of AM and its possible benefits for communication with and satisfaction of patients.
A non-reductionistic understanding of the human being may improve communication with patients and enhance patient benefit and satisfaction.
Interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative studies are warranted to test this hypothesis and to understand the complex relations between epistemology, medical anthropology, education, health care delivery and benefit for patients.
提出一个假设，即医学人类学、专业教育和医疗保健中的还原论会影响同理心的发展、沟通和患者满意度。
我们确定了相关文献，并以结构论文的形式对材料进行了回顾。我们通过将其应用于整体论的范例——人智医学（AM）来反思我们的假设。
医学人类学中的还原论，如在传统医学中，似乎导致了一种比整体论（如 CAM 学科）更缺乏同理心和沟通的医疗保健文化。然而，当物理、生命、心理、精神和社会层面的人类存在的涌现特性及其之间的因果关系在认识论、医学人类学和专业教育中得到更仔细的考虑时，还原论可以转化为一种系统的、多视角的整体观点。这一点可以通过 AM 的例子及其对与患者沟通和满意度的可能益处来证明。
对人类的非还原论理解可能会改善与患者的沟通，并增强患者的受益和满意度。
需要进行跨学科的定性和定量研究来验证这一假设，并理解认识论、医学人类学、教育、医疗保健提供和患者受益之间的复杂关系。
