Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Jul;40(5):787-802. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9609-0.
This study examined adolescents' patterns of beliefs about aggression, and how these patterns relate to aggressive and prosocial behavior, and to risk factors associated with aggression. A sample of 477 sixth graders from two urban schools and a school in a nearby county completed measures of beliefs, behavior, and individual, peer and parental factors associated with aggression. Teacher ratings of participants' behavior and emotion regulation were also obtained. The urban sample was 84% African American; the county school was in a rural fringe area with a student population that was 45% Caucasian and 40% African American. Latent class analysis of items on a beliefs measure supported hypotheses predicting three groups: (a) a Beliefs Against Fighting (BAGF) group that opposed the use of aggression (31% of the sample); (b) a Fighting is Sometimes Necessary (FSNEC) group that endorsed beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary or inevitable (41%), and (c) a Beliefs Supporting Fighting (BSUPF) group that supported aggression across multiple contexts (28%). Differences across groups were found on race/ethnicity and family structure, but not on gender. Significant differences were also found such that the FSNEC group fell between levels of the BAGF and BSUPF groups on most measures. In contrast, the FSNEC and BAGF groups both differed from the BSUPF group, but not from each other on measures of empathy, perceived effectiveness of nonviolence and aggression, and parental messages supporting nonviolence. These differences suggest the need for tailoring prevention approaches for subgroups of adolescents who differ in their patterns of beliefs.
本研究考察了青少年对攻击行为的信念模式，以及这些模式与攻击行为和亲社会行为以及与攻击行为相关的风险因素之间的关系。来自两所城市学校和附近一所县学校的 477 名六年级学生完成了信念、行为以及与攻击行为相关的个体、同伴和父母因素的测量。还获得了参与者行为和情绪调节的教师评定。城市样本中 84%是非洲裔美国人；县学校位于农村边缘地区，学生人口中 45%是白种人，40%是非洲裔美国人。信念测量项目的潜在类别分析支持了预测三个群体的假设：（a）反对打架的信念（BAGF）组，反对使用攻击（占样本的 31%）；（b）有时需要打架的信念（FSNEC）组，赞成有时需要或不可避免地打架的信念（41%）；（c）支持打架的信念（BSUPF）组，支持在多个背景下使用攻击（28%）。不同群体之间在种族/民族和家庭结构方面存在差异，但在性别方面没有差异。还发现了显著差异，即 FSNEC 组在大多数测量指标上介于 BAGF 和 BSUPF 组之间的水平。相比之下，FSNEC 和 BAGF 组与 BSUPF 组在同理心、非暴力和攻击行为的感知有效性以及支持非暴力的父母信息方面存在差异，但与彼此之间没有差异。这些差异表明，需要针对在信念模式上存在差异的青少年亚组量身定制预防方法。
