Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
J Biol Chem. 2012 Mar 23;287(13):9694-9707. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.301721. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
The increase of apo-/holo-retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentrations has been found in subjects with renal dysfunction and even in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Holo-RBP4 is recognized to possess cytoprotective function. Therefore, we supposed that the relative increase in apo-RBP4 might induce cell damage. In this study, we investigated the signal transduction that activated apoptosis in response to the increase of apo-/holo-RBP4 concentration. We found that increase of apo-/holo-RBP4 concentration ratio delayed the displacement of RBP4 with "stimulated by retinoic acid 6" (STRA6), enhanced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT5 cascade, up-regulated adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6), increased cAMP, enhanced JNK1/p38 cascade, suppressed CRBP-I/RARα (cellular retinol-binding protein/retinoic acid receptor α) expression, and led to apoptosis in HK-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, STRA6, JAK2, STAT5, JNK1, or p38 siRNA and cAMP-PKA inhibitor reversed the repression of CRBP-I/RARα and apoptosis in apo-RBP4 stimulation. In conclusion, this study indicates that the increase of apo-/holo-RBP4 concentration may influence STRA6 signaling, finally causing apoptosis.
载脂蛋白/全结合视黄醇结合蛋白 4(RBP4)浓度的增加已在肾功能障碍患者中发现,甚至在伴有微量白蛋白尿的糖尿病患者中也发现了这种情况。全结合 RBP4 被认为具有细胞保护功能。因此,我们推测 apo-RBP4 的相对增加可能会诱导细胞损伤。在这项研究中,我们研究了激活细胞凋亡的信号转导,以响应 apo-/全结合 RBP4 浓度的增加。我们发现 apo-/全结合 RBP4 浓度比值的增加延迟了 RBP4 与“视黄酸 6 刺激”(STRA6)的置换,增强了 Janus 激酶 2(JAK2)/STAT5 级联反应,上调了腺苷酸环化酶 6(AC6),增加了 cAMP,增强了 JNK1/p38 级联反应,抑制了细胞视黄醇结合蛋白/维甲酸受体α(CRBP-I/RARα)的表达,并导致 HK-2 和人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡。此外,STRA6、JAK2、STAT5、JNK1 或 p38 siRNA 和 cAMP-PKA 抑制剂逆转了 apo-RBP4 刺激对 CRBP-I/RARα 的抑制和凋亡。总之,本研究表明 apo-/全结合 RBP4 浓度的增加可能会影响 STRA6 信号转导,最终导致细胞凋亡。