Koritsánszky Nelli, Madléna Melinda
Semmelweis Egyetem Fogorvostudományi Kar Gyermekfogászati gs Fogszabályozási Klinika, Budapest.
Fogorv Sz. 2011 Dec;104(4):117-21.
The experience of pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment is common. Pain is a subjective response to noxious stimuli, but it is also influenced by age, gender, previous pain experience, emotional factors and stress. The ortodontic treatments such as separation, placement of the arch wire, activation of the fix or removable appliances and debonding cause some degree of pain for the patient. In a prospective study 95% of the patients reported pain experience during orthodontic treatment. The periodontal pain caused by the combination of pressure, ischemia, inflammation and oedema. The pain starts within 4 hours, increases over the next 24 hours, and decrease within 7 days, so it may not be identified by the orthodontist at recall visit. The most common method to measure the intensity of the pain is the NRS (numerical rating scale), where patients can rate their pain intensity from 1 to 10 or 1 to 100. There are many modalities to control orthodontic pain, we can use different analgesic agents, solf-laser irradiation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and hypnotherapy. The aim of this review to provide an overview on discomfort and pain reaction during orthodontic treatments and discussion of the possible measurement and alleviation of pain.
正畸治疗期间出现疼痛和不适是很常见的。疼痛是对有害刺激的主观反应，但它也受年龄、性别、既往疼痛经历、情感因素和压力的影响。诸如分牙、放置弓丝、激活固定或可摘矫治器以及拆除矫治器等正畸治疗会给患者带来一定程度的疼痛。在一项前瞻性研究中，95%的患者报告在正畸治疗期间有疼痛经历。牙周疼痛是由压力、局部缺血、炎症和水肿共同引起的。疼痛在4小时内开始，在接下来的24小时内加剧，并在7天内减轻，所以正畸医生在复诊时可能无法察觉。测量疼痛强度最常用的方法是数字评定量表（NRS），患者可以将其疼痛强度从1至10或1至100进行评分。有多种控制正畸疼痛的方式，我们可以使用不同的镇痛剂、低能量激光照射、经皮电刺激神经疗法和催眠疗法。这篇综述的目的是概述正畸治疗期间的不适和疼痛反应，并探讨疼痛的可能测量方法和缓解措施。
