Rein Alan
HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Adv Virol. 2011;2011:403419. doi: 10.1155/2011/403419. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are among the simplest retroviruses. Prototypical gammaretroviruses encode only the three polyproteins that will be used in the assembly of progeny virus particles. These are the Gag polyprotein, which is the structural protein of a retrovirus particle, the Pol protein, comprising the three retroviral enzymes-protease, which catalyzes the maturation of the particle, reverse transcriptase, which copies the viral RNA into DNA upon infection of a new host cell, and integrase, which inserts the DNA into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell, and the Env polyprotein, which induces the fusion of the viral membrane with that of the new host cell, initiating infection. In general, a productive MLV infection has no obvious effect upon host cells. Although gammaretroviral structure and replication follow the same broad outlines as those of other retroviruses, we point out a number of significant differences between different retroviral genera.
鼠白血病病毒（MLV）是最简单的逆转录病毒之一。典型的γ逆转录病毒仅编码三种将用于子代病毒颗粒组装的多聚蛋白。这些是Gag多聚蛋白，它是逆转录病毒颗粒的结构蛋白；Pol蛋白，由三种逆转录病毒酶组成——蛋白酶，催化颗粒成熟；逆转录酶，在感染新宿主细胞时将病毒RNA复制成DNA；整合酶，将DNA插入宿主细胞的染色体DNA；以及Env多聚蛋白，它诱导病毒膜与新宿主细胞膜融合，引发感染。一般来说，MLV的有效感染对宿主细胞没有明显影响。尽管γ逆转录病毒的结构和复制遵循与其他逆转录病毒相同的大致轮廓，但我们指出了不同逆转录病毒属之间的一些显著差异。
