Campbell J D
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Sep;59(3):538-49.
This article examines the association between evaluative and knowledge components of the self. Four studies tested the hypothesis that the self-concepts of low-self-esteem (LSE) people are characterized by less clarity or certainty than those of high-self-esteem (HSE) people. LSE Ss exhibited less extremity and self-reported confidence when rating themselves on bipolar trait adjectives (Study 1), less temporal stability in their trait ratings over a 2-month interval (Study 2), less congruence between their self-concepts and their subsequent perceptions of situation-specific behavior and memory for prior behavior (Study 3), and less internal consistency, lower self-rated confidence, and longer reaction times when making me/not me responses to pairs of opposite traits (Study 4). Alternative accounts of the results and the implications of self-concept clarity for understanding the pervasive impact of self-esteem on behavior are discussed.
本文探讨了自我的评价性和知识性成分之间的关联。四项研究对以下假设进行了检验：低自尊（LSE）者的自我概念比高自尊（HSE）者的自我概念更缺乏清晰度或确定性。在对双极特质形容词进行自我评定时，LSE被试表现出较低的极端性和自我报告的自信（研究1）；在两个月的时间间隔内，他们的特质评定的时间稳定性较低（研究2）；他们的自我概念与随后对特定情境行为的感知以及对先前行为的记忆之间的一致性较低（研究3）；在对成对的相反特质做出“我/非我”反应时，内部一致性较低、自我评定的自信较低且反应时间较长（研究4）。文中讨论了对研究结果的其他解释以及自我概念清晰度对于理解自尊对行为的普遍影响的意义。
