Golińska-Zach Aleksandra, Krawczyk-Szulc Patrycja, Walusiak-Skorupa Jolanta
Klinika Chorób Zawodowych i Toksykologii, Oddział Chorób Zawodowych, Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódź.
Med Pr. 2011;62(5):517-26.
Hairdressers are occupationally exposed to many substances both, allergizing and irritating. The continuous development of hairdressing services brings about new risks. The most important allergens are: persulfates (ammonium and potassium), paraphenylenediamine, and latex. A growing number of occupational allergens in the work environment of hairdresses, providing that most of them are low weight allergens, may cause some diagnostic problems. Health risks related with haidressing occupation, have prompted the researchers to pay more attention to risk factors of occupational allergy. Owing to the fact, that first morbid symptoms may occur very early, even during the apprenticeship in a hairdressing school, it is very important to indentify health risks, which can be useful in predicting the onset of occupational allergy and in developing effective prevention methods. The most common allergens at the hairdressers' workplace, risk factors, diagnostics of occupational asthma and rhinitis, as well as the prevention of these diseases are reviewed in this publication.
美发师在职业中会接触到许多具有致敏性和刺激性的物质。美发服务的不断发展带来了新的风险。最重要的过敏原包括：过硫酸盐（铵盐和钾盐）、对苯二胺和乳胶。美发师工作环境中职业过敏原的数量不断增加，而且其中大多数是低分子量过敏原，这可能会引发一些诊断问题。与美发职业相关的健康风险促使研究人员更加关注职业过敏的风险因素。由于最初的发病症状可能很早就会出现，甚至在美发学校学徒期间就会出现，因此识别健康风险非常重要，这有助于预测职业过敏的发病并制定有效的预防方法。本出版物综述了美发师工作场所最常见的过敏原、风险因素、职业性哮喘和鼻炎的诊断以及这些疾病的预防。
