National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2014 Apr;70(4):233-7. doi: 10.1111/cod.12176. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
Occupational contact dermatitis among hairdressers is frequent, owing to daily exposure to irritants and allergens.
To identify sensitization to the most common allergens associated with the occupation of hairdressing.
Patch test results of 399 hairdressers and 1995 matched controls with contact dermatitis, registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between January 2002 and December 2011, were analysed. All patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, and hairdressers were additionally tested with the hairdressing series.
Occupational contact dermatitis (p < 0.001) and hand eczema (p < 0.001) were observed significantly more often among hairdressers than among controls. Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among hairdressers (21.3%) than among controls (29.4%) (p < 0.01). Allergens from the European baseline series with a statistically significant association with the occupation of hairdressing were p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and benzocaine. Frequent sensitizers from the hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, 3-aminophenol, and 4-aminophenol. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide emerged as new sensitizers.
These results indicate a healthy worker effect among hairdressers diagnosed with eczema. Ammonium persulfate and p-phenylenediamine remain frequent sensitizers in hairdressers with contact dermatitis. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide should be included in future surveillance studies.
美发师由于日常接触到刺激物和变应原，职业性接触性皮炎较为常见。
确定与美发师职业相关的最常见变应原的致敏情况。
分析了丹麦接触性皮炎组在 2002 年 1 月至 2011 年 12 月期间登记的 399 名美发师和 1995 名匹配对照者的接触性皮炎斑贴试验结果。所有患者均用欧洲基础系列斑贴试剂进行斑贴试验，美发师则额外用美发系列斑贴试剂进行斑贴试验。
与对照组相比，美发师中职业性接触性皮炎（p<0.001）和手部湿疹（p<0.001）的发生率显著更高。与对照组（29.4%）相比，美发师中特应性皮炎的发生率较低（21.3%）（p<0.01）。与美发师职业具有统计学显著相关性的欧洲基础系列变应原包括对苯二胺、噻唑混合物和苯佐卡因。美发系列中常见的变应原包括过硫酸铵、间苯二胺、3-氨基酚和对氨基酚。半胱氨酸盐酸盐和氯乙酰胺则是新的致敏原。
这些结果表明，患有湿疹的美发师中存在健康工人效应。在患有接触性皮炎的美发师中，过硫酸铵和对苯二胺仍然是常见的致敏原。半胱氨酸盐酸盐和氯乙酰胺应纳入未来的监测研究中。
