视听生物反馈对 4D PET 图像的影响：一项体模研究结果。
The impact of audio-visual biofeedback on 4D PET images: results of a phantom study.
机构信息
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
出版信息
Med Phys. 2012 Feb;39(2):1046-57. doi: 10.1118/1.3679012.
PURPOSE
Irregular breathing causes motion blurring artifacts in 4D PET images. Audiovisual (AV) biofeedback has been demonstrated to improve breathing regularity. To investigate the hypothesis that, compared with free breathing, motion blurring artifacts are reduced with AV biofeedback, the authors performed the first experimental phantom-based quantification of the impact of AV biofeedback on 4D PET image quality.
METHODS
The authors acquired 4D PET dynamic phantom images with AV biofeedback and free breathing by moving a phantom programmed with AV biofeedback trained and free breathing respiratory traces of ten healthy subjects. The authors also acquired stationary phantom images for reference. The phantom was cylindrical with six hollow sphere targets (10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm in diameter). The authors quantified motion blurring using the target diameter, Dice coefficient and recovery coefficient (RC) metrics to estimate the effect of motion.
RESULTS
The average increase in target diameter for AV biofeedback was 0.6±1.6mm (4.7±13%), which was significantly (p<0.001) smaller than for free breathing 1.3±2.2mm (9.1±19%). The average Dice coefficient for AV biofeedback was 0.90±0.07, which was significantly (p<0.001) larger than for free breathing (0.88±0.10). The RCs for AV biofeedback were consistently higher than those for free breathing and comparable to those for stationary targets. However, for RCs the impact of target sizes was more dominant than that of motion. In addition, the authors observed large variations in the results with respect to target sizes, subject traces and respiratory bins due to partial volume effects and respiratory motion irregularity.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that AV biofeedback can significantly reduce motion blurring artifacts and may facilitate improved identification and localization of lung tumors in 4D PET images. The results justify proceeding with clinical studies to quantify the impact of AV biofeedback on 4D PET image quality and tumor detectability.
目的
不规则呼吸会导致 4D PET 图像出现运动模糊伪影。视听（AV）生物反馈已被证明可改善呼吸的规律性。为了验证以下假说，即与自由呼吸相比，AV 生物反馈可减少运动模糊伪影，作者进行了首次基于实验体模的定量研究，以评估 AV 生物反馈对 4D PET 图像质量的影响。
方法
作者使用 AV 生物反馈和自由呼吸移动体模来采集 4D PET 动态体模图像，该体模采用 AV 生物反馈训练程序，且具有 10 位健康受试者的自由呼吸呼吸轨迹。作者还采集了静止体模图像作为参考。该体模为圆柱形，内有六个空心球体目标（直径为 10、13、17、22、28 和 37mm）。作者使用目标直径、Dice 系数和恢复系数（RC）度量来量化运动模糊，以评估运动的影响。
结果
AV 生物反馈的平均目标直径增加为 0.6±1.6mm（4.7±19%），明显小于自由呼吸时的 1.3±2.2mm（9.1±19%）（p<0.001）。AV 生物反馈的平均 Dice 系数为 0.90±0.07，明显大于自由呼吸时的 0.88±0.10（p<0.001）。AV 生物反馈的 RC 始终高于自由呼吸时的 RC，且与静止目标的 RC 相当。然而，对于 RC，目标尺寸的影响比运动的影响更为显著。此外，由于部分容积效应和呼吸运动不规则，作者观察到结果在目标尺寸、受试者轨迹和呼吸时相方面存在较大差异。
结论
结果表明，AV 生物反馈可显著减少运动模糊伪影，并可能有助于提高 4D PET 图像中肺部肿瘤的识别和定位。这些结果证明有必要进行临床研究，以量化 AV 生物反馈对 4D PET 图像质量和肿瘤可探测性的影响。
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