Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka St, 01-224, Warszawa, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Aug;19(7):2860-9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0792-5. Epub 2012 Feb 10.
A myriad of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by terrestrial vegetation plays an important role in environmental sciences. A thorough chemical identification of these species at the molecular level is essential in various fields, ranging from atmospheric chemistry to ecology of forest ecosystems. In particular, the recognition of VOCs profiles in a context of plant-insect communication is a key issue for the development of forest protection tools.
This work was aimed at the development of a simple, robust and reliable method for the identification of volatiles emitted from plant materials, which can attract or deter pest insects. Specifically, volatiles emitted from the bark of Pinus sylvestris were studied, which might attract the black pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis-a serious pest of the tree and a vector of a parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophius.
The volatiles from bark samples were collected using a solid-phase micro-extraction technique, and subsequently analysed by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS). The characterisation of the volatile fraction was based on the comparison with data in mass spectral libraries, and in most cases, with the available authentic standards. The identified compounds were screened against the available entomological data to select insect attractors.
The identified components included terpenes (α-pinene, ∆-3-carene, and para-cymenene), oxygenated terpenes (α-terpineol and verbenone), sesquiterpenes (α-longipinene, longifolene, E-β-farnesene, γ-cadinene and pentadecane), and diterpenes (manoyl oxide and (+)-pimaral). Of these, longifolene and (+)-pimaral are of particular interest as plausible attractors for the M. galloprovincialis beetle that might find application in the construction of insect bait traps.
陆地植被释放的大量挥发性有机化合物（VOC）在环境科学中起着重要作用。在各个领域，从大气化学到森林生态系统的生态学，都需要从分子水平上彻底鉴定这些物质。特别是，在植物-昆虫通讯的背景下，识别 VOC 谱是开发森林保护工具的关键问题。
本工作旨在开发一种简单、稳健和可靠的方法，用于鉴定可能吸引或驱避害虫的植物材料释放的挥发性物质。具体来说，研究了欧洲赤松树皮释放的挥发性物质，这些物质可能会吸引黑松锯蝇 Monochamus galloprovincialis——一种对树木危害严重的害虫，也是寄生线虫 Bursaphelenchus xylophius 的传播媒介。
采用固相微萃取技术采集树皮样品中的挥发性物质，然后通过气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）进行分析。根据与质谱文库中的数据以及在大多数情况下与可用的标准物质进行比较，对挥发性物质进行了鉴定。根据现有的昆虫学数据筛选鉴定出的化合物，以选择昆虫引诱剂。
鉴定出的成分包括萜烯（α-蒎烯、Δ-3-蒈烯和对伞花烃）、含氧萜烯（α-松油醇和马鞭草烯酮）、倍半萜烯（α-长叶烯、长叶烯、E-β-法尼烯、γ-杜松烯和十五烷）和二萜烯（马诺酰氧化物和（+）-牻牛儿醇）。其中，长叶烯和（+）-牻牛儿醇是特别有趣的 M. galloprovincialis 甲虫的潜在引诱剂，可用于构建昆虫诱捕器。
