InTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland.
Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
Molecules. 2020 Dec 5;25(23):5749. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235749.
Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (, , , , , , , ) and four oomycetes (, , , ) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of , and appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except ) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by , , and , which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.
真菌和卵菌会向环境中释放挥发性物质，这些物质可通过电子鼻（e-nose）用于嗅觉检测和识别这些生物。本研究的目的是使用电子鼻设备调查挥发性化合物的排放，并通过固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱（SPME-GC/MS）分析来识别释放的分子，最终开发出一种用于检测真菌和真菌样生物的系统。为此，使用电子鼻系统测试了八种真菌（，，，，，，，）和四种卵菌（，，，）的培养物，并通过 SPME-GC/MS 进行了研究。菌株和似乎气味最浓烈。所有被调查的真菌物种（除了）都产生了不同数量的倍半萜烯，而被测试的卵菌菌株则没有。在所有样品中还发现了其他分子，如脂肪族烃、醇、醛、酯和苯衍生物。结果表明，测试物种之间各自 VOC 排放范围的主要差异在于倍半萜烯的产生，真菌会产生一些，而卵菌则不产生或产生较少的此类分子。我们的电子鼻系统可以区分测试的、、和发出的气味，它们占 PCA 方差的 88%以上。这些真菌和卵菌检测的初步结果表明，电子鼻设备适合进一步进行传感器设计，作为森林管理者、其他植物管理者以及检疫服务等监管机构的潜在工具。
