Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Future Microbiol. 2012 Feb;7(2):241-57. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.150.
Many bacterial pathogens employ multicomponent protein complexes to deliver macromolecules directly into their eukaryotic host cell to promote infection. Some Gram-negative pathogens use a versatile Type IV secretion system (T4SS) that can translocate DNA or proteins into host cells. T4SSs represent major bacterial virulence determinants and have recently been the focus of intense research efforts designed to better understand and combat infectious diseases. Interestingly, although the two major classes of T4SSs function in a similar manner to secrete proteins, the translocated 'effectors' vary substantially from one organism to another. In fact, differing effector repertoires likely contribute to organism-specific host cell interactions and disease outcomes. In this review, we discuss the current state of T4SS research, with an emphasis on intracellular bacterial pathogens of humans and the diverse array of translocated effectors used to manipulate host cells.
许多细菌病原体利用多组分蛋白复合物将大分子直接输送到真核宿主细胞中，以促进感染。一些革兰氏阴性病原体使用一种多功能的 IV 型分泌系统（T4SS），可以将 DNA 或蛋白质转运到宿主细胞中。T4SSs 是细菌主要的毒力决定因素，最近成为了研究的焦点，旨在更好地理解和对抗传染病。有趣的是，尽管两种主要类型的 T4SS 以类似的方式分泌蛋白质，但从一种生物体到另一种生物体，被转运的“效应物”有很大的不同。事实上，不同的效应物库可能有助于特定于生物体的宿主细胞相互作用和疾病结果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 T4SS 研究的现状，重点是人类的细胞内细菌病原体和用于操纵宿主细胞的多种转位效应物。
