Edwards A W F
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge CB2 1TA, UK.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2012 Mar;43(1):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2011.11.011. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
The origin and development of Punnett's Square for the enumeration and display of genotypes arising in a cross in Mendelian genetics is described. Due to R. C. Punnett, the idea evolved through the work of the 'Cambridge geneticists', including Punnett's colleagues William Bateson, E. R. Saunders and R. H. Lock, soon after the rediscovery of Mendel's paper in 1900. These geneticists were thoroughly familiar with Mendel's paper, which itself contained a similar square diagram. A previously-unpublished three-factor diagram by Sir Francis Galton existing in the Bateson correspondence in Cambridge University Library is then described. Finally the connection between Punnett's Square and Venn Diagrams is emphasized, and it is pointed out that Punnett, Lock and John Venn overlapped as Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Copious illustrations are given.
本文描述了用于孟德尔遗传学杂交中基因型计数和展示的庞尼特方格的起源与发展。归功于R. C. 庞尼特，这一概念在1900年孟德尔论文重新被发现后不久，通过包括庞尼特的同事威廉·贝特森、E. R. 桑德斯和R. H. 洛克在内的“剑桥遗传学家”的工作得以发展。这些遗传学家对孟德尔的论文非常熟悉，而孟德尔的论文本身就包含了一个类似的方格图。接着介绍了弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士一份此前未发表的三因子图，它存于剑桥大学图书馆贝特森的信件中。最后强调了庞尼特方格与维恩图之间的联系，并指出庞尼特、洛克和约翰·维恩曾同为剑桥大学冈维尔与凯斯学院的研究员。文中给出了大量插图。
