Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, 235 Trent Hall, Trent Drive, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Apr;74(7):1005-12. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.022. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
Previous research has documented the practice of transactional sex in sub-Saharan Africa and its association with gender-based violence, gender inequalities and HIV risk. At the same time, it has been suggested that women may use transactional sex to obtain a greater sense of control over their lives and their sexualities, and to garner access to resources. The aim of this study was to better understand the practice of exchanging alcohol for sex in alcohol-serving venues in a township in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were collected between June 2009 and October 2010. Six venues were included and observations were conducted in each for four one-week periods over the course of a year. In-depth qualitative interviews included 31 women and 13 men whom interviewers had observed as regular venue customers. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 24 respondents to explore emerging themes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a grounded theory approach, Atlas.ti was used to code transcripts, field notes, and analytical memos written about each document. Results revealed that alcohol was commonly used as a currency of sexual exchange in this setting, and both women and men understood that accepting alcohol from a man implied consent for sexual favors. Women reported a sense of agency in participating in the transactional sex dynamic, especially when they were able to manipulate it to meet their own ends without fulfilling the men's sexual expectations. At the same time, data revealed that the norm of transactional sex reinforced the undervaluing and commoditization of women. As identified elsewhere, transactional sex put both women and men at greater risk of HIV through multiple partners and inconsistent use of condoms, and the possibility of rape. Interventions are needed to address sexual risk behaviors and substance use within this context to prevent new HIV infections.
先前的研究记录了撒哈拉以南非洲地区的交易性行为，并发现其与基于性别的暴力、性别不平等和艾滋病毒风险有关。与此同时，有人认为，女性可能会通过交易性行为来获得对生活和性的更大掌控感，并获得资源。本研究旨在更好地了解在南非开普敦一个乡镇的酒吧中用酒换取性的行为。数据收集于 2009 年 6 月至 2010 年 10 月期间。研究纳入了 6 个场所，在一年的时间里，每个场所进行了为期四周的四次观察。深入的定性访谈包括 31 名女性和 13 名男性，访谈者曾观察到他们是酒吧的常客。对 24 名受访者进行了后续访谈，以探讨新出现的主题。对访谈进行了录音和转录。采用扎根理论方法，使用 Atlas.ti 对转录本、实地笔记和关于每份文件的分析备忘录进行编码。研究结果表明，在这种环境下，酒精通常被用作性交易的货币，女性和男性都明白，从男性那里接受酒精意味着同意提供性服务。女性报告说，她们在参与交易性行为动态时有一定的主动权，尤其是当她们能够操纵这种行为以满足自己的目的而不满足男性的性期望时。与此同时，数据显示，交易性行为的规范强化了对女性的低估和商品化。如其他地方所指出的，交易性行为通过多个性伴侣和不规律使用避孕套使女性和男性面临更大的艾滋病毒感染风险，还存在强奸的可能性。需要在这一背景下采取干预措施来解决性风险行为和物质使用问题，以防止新的艾滋病毒感染。
