Infectious Disease Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2012 Apr 15;34(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.01.002. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that have high affinity and specificity towards a wide range of target molecules. Aptamers have low molecular weight, amenable to chemical modifications and exhibit stability undeterred by repetitive denaturation and renaturation. Owing to these indispensable advantages, aptamers have been implemented as molecular recognition element as alternative to antibodies in various assays for diagnostics. By amalgamating with a number of methods that can provide information on the aptamer-target complex formation, aptamers have become the elemental tool for numerous biosensor developments. In this review, administration of aptamers in applications involving assays of fluorescence, electrochemistry, nano-label and nano-constructs are discussed. Although detection strategies are different for various aptamer-based assays, the core of the design strategies is similar towards reporting the presence of specific target binding to the corresponding aptamers. It is prognosticated that aptamers will find even broader applications with the development of new methods of transducing aptamer target binding.
适体是单链 DNA 或 RNA 寡核苷酸，对广泛的靶分子具有高亲和力和特异性。适体分子量低，易于进行化学修饰，并且在反复变性和复性的情况下表现出稳定性。由于这些不可或缺的优势，适体已被用作分子识别元件，替代各种诊断分析中的抗体。通过与许多可以提供有关适体-靶复合物形成信息的方法结合使用，适体已成为许多生物传感器发展的基本工具。在这篇综述中，讨论了适体在涉及荧光、电化学、纳米标记和纳米构建体的分析中的应用。尽管基于适体的各种分析的检测策略不同，但设计策略的核心是相似的，旨在报告特定靶标与相应适体结合的存在。可以预测，随着适体靶标结合转导新方法的发展，适体将找到更广泛的应用。
