Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012 Jul;81(1):99-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01326.x. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
The Upper Permian polymetallic, organic-rich Kupferschiefer black shale in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline is acknowledged to be one of the largest Cu-Ag deposits in the world. Here we report the results of the first study of bioweathering of this sedimentary rock by indigenous heterotrophic bacteria. Experiments were performed under laboratory conditions, employing both petrological and microbiological methods, which permitted the monitoring and visualization of geomicrobiological processes. The results demonstrate that bacteria play a prominent role in the weathering of black shale and in the biogeochemical cycles of elements occurring in this rock. It was shown that bacteria directly interact with black shale organic matter to produce a widespread biofilm on the Kupferschiefer shale surface. As a result of bacterial activity, the formation of pits, bioweathering of ore and rock-forming minerals, the mobilization of elements and secondary mineral precipitation were observed. The chemistry of the secondary minerals unequivocally demonstrates the mobilization of elements from minerals comprising Kupferschiefer. The redistribution of P, Al, Si, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, S, Cu and Pb was confirmed. The presence of bacterial outer membrane vesicles on the surface of black shale was observed for the first time. Biomineralization reactions occurred in both the membrane vesicles and the bacterial cells.
上二叠统富多金属、富含有机物的库普费尔页岩在福雷-苏德单斜褶皱中被认为是世界上最大的铜银矿床之一。本文首次报道了对这种沉积岩进行土著异养细菌生物风化的研究结果。实验是在实验室条件下进行的，采用了岩石学和微生物学方法，从而能够监测和可视化地球微生物学过程。结果表明，细菌在黑页岩的风化和该岩石中元素的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。结果表明，细菌直接与黑页岩中的有机物相互作用，在库普费尔页岩表面形成广泛的生物膜。由于细菌的活动，形成了坑、矿石和造岩矿物的生物风化、元素的迁移和次生矿物的沉淀。次生矿物的化学性质明确表明了来自构成库普费尔的矿物中元素的迁移。确认了 P、Al、Si、Ca、Mg、K、Fe、S、Cu 和 Pb 的重新分布。首次观察到细菌外膜囊泡存在于黑页岩表面。生物矿化反应发生在膜囊泡和细菌细胞中。
